Penn State College of Medicine, Sports Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
Sports Health. 2019 Jan/Feb;11(1):64-68. doi: 10.1177/1941738118800446. Epub 2018 Oct 5.
: Pediatric sports specialization, defined as intense year-round training in a single sport as a result of excluding other sports for more than 8 months per year, is common in the United States. There are demonstrated physical and social risks to early pediatric sports specialization (defined as before age 12 years). While thought to be needed to acquire appropriate experience and excel in a given sport, there remains little information on when athletes at the highest levels of their sport specialized. This study aimed to define when professional and collegiate ice hockey players specialized.
: Early sports specialization before age 12 years will not be common among elite-level (professional and collegiate) ice hockey players.
: Retrospective cross-sectional survey study.
: Level 3.
: Male professional and collegiate ice hockey players within 1 National Hockey League organization and 2 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) organizations who were 18 years of age or older completed a survey at training camp detailing their history of sports participation and specialization.
: A total of 91 athletes participated in the study (mean age, 22.8 years; range, 18-39 years). The mean age at the start of any sports participation was 4.5 years, and the mean age of sports specialization was 14.3 years. The mean age of specialization in the professional group, the NCAA Division I group, and the NCAA Division III group was 14.1, 14.5, and 14.6 years, respectively.
: Early pediatric sports specialization is not common in elite-level (professional and collegiate) ice hockey players.
: Early pediatric sports specialization before age 12 years is not necessary for athletic success in professional and collegiate ice hockey. This study provides further evidence supporting the recommendations of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, and American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine against early sports specialization.
儿科运动专业化是指由于每年排除其他运动超过 8 个月，而专注于单一运动的高强度全年训练。这种现象在美国很常见。早期儿科运动专业化（定义为 12 岁之前）已经被证明存在身体和社会风险。虽然人们认为这是获得适当经验并在特定运动中脱颖而出所必需的，但对于运动员在其运动生涯的最高水平何时专业化，仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在确定专业和大学冰球运动员何时专业化。
在 12 岁之前进行早期运动专业化在精英级（专业和大学）冰球运动员中并不常见。
回顾性横断面调查研究。
3 级。
在一个国家冰球联盟组织和两个美国大学体育协会（NCAA）组织内的 1 名男性职业和大学冰球运动员，年龄在 18 岁或以上，在训练营完成了一份调查，详细说明他们的运动参与和专业化历史。
共有 91 名运动员参加了这项研究（平均年龄 22.8 岁；范围 18-39 岁）。任何运动参与的平均起始年龄为 4.5 岁，运动专业化的平均起始年龄为 14.3 岁。在职业组、NCAA 一级组和 NCAA 三级组中，专业化的平均年龄分别为 14.1、14.5 和 14.6 岁。
在精英级（专业和大学）冰球运动员中，早期儿科运动专业化并不常见。
在专业和大学冰球中，12 岁之前的早期儿科运动专业化并不是取得运动成功的必要条件。本研究提供了进一步的证据，支持美国运动医学学会、美国儿科学会和美国运动医学学会反对早期运动专业化的建议。
