Eckard Timothy G, Padua Darin A, Dompier Thomas P, Dalton Sara L, Thorborg Kristian, Kerr Zachary Y
Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2017 Oct;45(12):2713-2722. doi: 10.1177/0363546517716179. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
Little research has examined the rates and patterns of hip flexor or hip adductor strains in student-athletes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
To describe the epidemiology of hip flexor and adductor strains in NCAA athletes during the 2009/2010-2014/2015 academic years.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Rates and patterns of hip flexor and adductor strains in collegiate sports were examined in a convenience sample of NCAA varsity teams from 25 sports. Rates and distributions of strains by mechanism, recurrence, and participation restriction time were examined. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) and proportion ratios were calculated to compare rates within and between sports by event type, sex, mechanism, recurrence, and participation restriction time.
A total of 770 hip flexor and 621 hip adductor strains were reported, resulting in overall injury rates of 1.60 and 1.29 per 10,000 athlete-exposures (AEs), respectively. In men, the rate of hip flexor strains was 1.81 per 10,000 AEs, and that for hip adductor strains was 1.71 per 10,000 AEs. In women, the rate of hip flexor strains was 1.59 per 10,000 AEs, and the rate of hip adductor strains was 1.15 per 10,000 AEs. The highest rates of strains were found in men's soccer and men's ice hockey (range, 2.47-3.77 per 10,000 AEs). Most hip flexor and hip adductor strains occurred in practice, but both had higher rates in competition. In sex-comparable sports, hip flexor strain rates did not differ between the sexes (IRR = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.96-1.36), but the rate of hip adductor strains was higher in men than women (IRR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.22-1.81). Noncontact was the most common mechanism for both types of strains (hip flexor strains, 59.4%; hip adductor strains, 62.5%); 10.1% of hip flexor strains and 11.1% of hip adductor strains were recurrent. The highest rates of recurrence of both types of strain were found in men's and women's ice hockey (range, 16.0%-30.6%). Most hip flexor and hip adductor strains resulted in <1 week of participation restriction (hip flexor strains, 83.8%; hip adductor strains, 82.9%).
The NCAA sports with the highest rates of hip flexor and hip adductor strains were men's soccer and men's ice hockey. In sex-comparable sports, men had a higher rate of hip adductor, but not hip flexor, strains. Recurrence rates were remarkably high in ice hockey. Male sports teams, especially soccer and ice hockey, should place an emphasis on prevention programs for hip adductor strains. Secondary prevention programs involving thorough rehabilitation and strict return-to-play criteria should be developed and implemented to curb the high recurrence rate of these injuries, particularly in ice hockey.
针对美国大学体育协会（NCAA）学生运动员中髋屈肌或髋内收肌拉伤的发生率及模式，相关研究较少。
描述2009/2010 - 2014/2015学年NCAA运动员中髋屈肌和髋内收肌拉伤的流行病学情况。
描述性流行病学研究。
在来自25项运动的NCAA大学代表队的便利样本中，研究大学体育中髋屈肌和髋内收肌拉伤的发生率及模式。按损伤机制、复发情况和参与受限时间，研究拉伤的发生率及分布。计算损伤率比（IRR）和比例比，以按赛事类型、性别、机制、复发情况和参与受限时间比较不同运动内部及之间的发生率。
共报告了770例髋屈肌拉伤和621例髋内收肌拉伤，总体损伤率分别为每10000运动员暴露次数（AE）1.60例和1.29例。在男性中，髋屈肌拉伤率为每10000 AE 1.81例，髋内收肌拉伤率为每10000 AE 1.71例。在女性中，髋屈肌拉伤率为每10000 AE 1.59例，髋内收肌拉伤率为每10000 AE 1.15例。拉伤发生率最高的是男子足球和男子冰球（范围为每10000 AE 2.47 - 3.77例）。大多数髋屈肌和髋内收肌拉伤发生在训练期间，但在比赛中的发生率均更高。在性别相当的运动项目中，髋屈肌拉伤率在男女之间无差异（IRR = 1.14；95% CI，0.96 - 1.36），但髋内收肌拉伤率男性高于女性（IRR = 1.49；95% CI，1.22 - 1.81）。两种类型的拉伤最常见的机制均为非接触性（髋屈肌拉伤为59.4%；髋内收肌拉伤为62.5%）；10.1%的髋屈肌拉伤和11.1%的髋内收肌拉伤会复发。两种类型拉伤复发率最高的是男子和女子冰球（范围为16.0% - 30.6%）。大多数髋屈肌和髋内收肌拉伤导致参与受限时间<1周（髋屈肌拉伤为83.8%；髋内收肌拉伤为82.9%）。
髋屈肌和髋内收肌拉伤发生率最高的NCAA运动项目是男子足球和男子冰球。在性别相当的运动项目中，男性髋内收肌拉伤率更高，但髋屈肌拉伤率并非如此。冰球的复发率非常高。男子运动队，尤其是足球和冰球队，应重视髋内收肌拉伤的预防项目。应制定并实施涉及全面康复和严格复出标准的二级预防项目，以遏制这些损伤的高复发率，尤其是在冰球项目中。
