Centro de Investigaciones Costeras-Universidad de Atacama (CIC-UDA), Avenida Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Atacama, Chile.
Departmento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain; Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 10;650(Pt 2):1996-2003. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.346. Epub 2018 Sep 28.
This study assesses the sediment quality of the Guadalquivir River watercourse between the Alcalá del Río dam and the city of Seville. The main objective of this work is to address sediment quality in the area using an integrative approach that links sediment contamination and toxicity using the Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) under field conditions. This is the first study conducted in the area that use of a battery of biomarkers from exposure (GST, GPx) to adverse biological effect (DNA and histopathological damage) to identify the contamination adverse effects in a river area affected by a cocktail of different anthropogenic activities (urban, industrial, agricultural, etc.). The sediment quality characterized in the area shows a significant biological stress related to metal(loid)s at station located in Alcalá del Río in the river upper part of the studied area, being this stress toxic when approaching the city of Seville. The sediments located nearby this city showed toxicity by means of positive values in the biomarkers of effects measured in the caged clams and related to contaminants with an industrial and urban discharge origins. These results have shown the useful and strength of the biomarker approach used in this study that combines biomarker responses from exposure to effects and allows identifying the contamination adverse effects by means of using caging individuals of the Asian clam. It has been proved in the different experiments how once the exposure biomarkers reach a maximum value of their system the detoxification ability of the organisms is collapsed and then the biomarkers of effect are measured significantly in the different tissues. The use of field surveys using tolerant specie such as the Asian clam is recommendable to determine sediment quality under an integrative point of view as here reported.
本研究评估了阿尔卡拉德尔里奥大坝和塞维利亚市之间的瓜达尔基维尔河河水的沉积物质量。本工作的主要目的是采用综合方法解决该地区的沉积物质量问题，该方法将现场条件下使用亚洲圆田螺（Corbicula fluminea）链接沉积物污染和毒性，这是该地区首次使用一组生物标志物（暴露的 GST、GPx 和对生物有害的 DNA 和组织病理学损伤）来识别受多种人为活动（城市、工业、农业等）影响的河流地区的污染有害影响。该地区的沉积物质量特征表明，与金属（类）相关的生物压力显著，位于研究区域上游的阿尔卡拉德尔里奥站，当接近塞维利亚市时，这种压力具有毒性。位于该市附近的沉积物通过在笼养贻贝中测量的与具有工业和城市排放源的污染物相关的效应生物标志物的正值显示出毒性。这些结果表明了本研究中使用的生物标志物方法的有用性和优势，该方法结合了暴露生物标志物和效应生物标志物的响应，通过使用亚洲圆田螺个体来识别污染的有害影响。在不同的实验中已经证明，一旦暴露生物标志物达到其系统的最大值，生物体的解毒能力就会崩溃，然后在不同的组织中显著测量效应生物标志物。建议采用现场调查使用耐受物种，如亚洲圆田螺，从综合角度来确定沉积物质量，正如本文所报道的那样。
