Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Key Laboratory of Guangdong Laboratory Animals, 11 Fengxin Road, Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China.
Guangdong University of Technology, No.100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2018 Nov;73:78-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.01.015. Epub 2018 Feb 10.
The toxicity of nano-materials has received increasing attention in recent years. Nevertheless, relatively few studies have focused on their oceanic distributions and toxicities. In this study, we assessed nano-ZnO toxicity in marine organisms using the yellowstriped goby (Mugilogobius chulae). The relative differences in nano-ZnO dissolution and dispersal in seawater and fresh water were also investigated. The effects of nano-ZnO on embryonic development, deformity, hatching, mortality, and histopathology were analyzed. In addition, the effects of the Zn concentration on M. chulae hatching and mortality were compared. The results showed that nano-ZnO had higher solubility in seawater than in fresh water. Nano-ZnO significantly inhibited hatching. By the fifth day of exposure, the LC of nano-ZnO was 45.40mg/L, and the mortality rate spiked. Hatching inhibition and lethality were dose-dependent over a range of 1-25mg/L nano-ZnO. Zn inhibited hatching and increased lethality, but its effects were weaker than those of nano-ZnO at the same concentrations. Nano-ZnO also induced spinal bending, oedema, hypoplasia, and other deformities in M. chulae embryos and larvae. Histopathology revealed vacuolar degeneration, hepatocyte and enterocyte enlargement, and morphological abnormalities of the vertebrae. Therefore, nano-ZnO caused malformations in M. chulae by affecting embryonic growth and development. We conclude that nano-ZnO toxicity in seawater was significantly positively correlated with the associated Zn concentration and sedimentary behaviour. The toxicity of nano-ZnO was cumulative and showed a critical point, beyond which embryonic and developmental toxicity in marine fish was observed.
近年来，纳米材料的毒性受到了越来越多的关注。然而，相对较少的研究关注它们在海洋中的分布和毒性。在这项研究中，我们使用黄条鰤（Mugilogobius chulae）评估了海洋生物中纳米 ZnO 的毒性。还研究了纳米 ZnO 在海水和淡水中的溶解和分散的相对差异。分析了纳米 ZnO 对胚胎发育、畸形、孵化、死亡率和组织病理学的影响。此外，还比较了 Zn 浓度对 M. chulae 孵化和死亡率的影响。结果表明，纳米 ZnO 在海水中的溶解度高于在淡水中。纳米 ZnO 显著抑制孵化。暴露第五天，纳米 ZnO 的 LC 为 45.40mg/L，死亡率飙升。孵化抑制和致死率在 1-25mg/L 纳米 ZnO 的范围内呈剂量依赖性。Zn 抑制孵化并增加致死率，但在相同浓度下，其效果弱于纳米 ZnO。纳米 ZnO 还导致 M. chulae 胚胎和幼虫出现脊柱弯曲、水肿、发育不良和其他畸形。组织病理学显示空泡变性、肝细胞和肠细胞增大以及椎骨形态异常。因此，纳米 ZnO 通过影响胚胎生长和发育导致 M. chulae 畸形。我们得出结论，海水纳米 ZnO 的毒性与相关 Zn 浓度和沉积物行为呈显著正相关。纳米 ZnO 的毒性是累积的，并表现出临界点，超过该点观察到海洋鱼类的胚胎和发育毒性。
