Abouelkheir Samia S, Mourad Mona M
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2025 Jan 7;109(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s00253-024-13386-x.
Iron oxide nanoparticles, recognized for their superparamagnetic properties, are promising for future healthcare therapies. However, their extensive use in medicine and electronics contributes to their discharge into our environments, highlighting the need for further research on their cellular damage effects on aquatic organisms. While the detrimental properties of other compounds have been stated in the early-life stages of fish, the cytotoxic consequences of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in these stages are still unexplored. Therefore, using the red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) as a model organism, this study is the first to talk about the subtle cellular alterations caused by biologically induced biomineralized FeO-SPIONs by Bacillus sp. in the early-life stages. Once the red tilapia eggs were fertilized, they were challenged to different doses of SPIONs (0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 mg/l), and their tenfold increases (50, 100, 150, and 300 mg/l) for 72 h. The hatching rate, malformation rate, body length, and deformities of the larvae were all studied. Our research showed that iron oxide nanoparticles were harmful to the early stages of life in red tilapia embryos and larvae. They slowed hatching delay, a decrease in survival rate, an increase in heart rate, bleeding, arrested development, and membrane damage and changed the axis's physiological structure. Additionally, results indicated numerous deformities of red tilapia larvae, with lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis once subjected to 50 and 150 mg/l of SPIONs concentrations, respectively. This study could assist us in recognizing the risk and evaluating the disrupting potential of nanoparticles. The key objective of this inquiry is to describe the existing features of the produced magnetite SPIONs (29.44 g/l) including their morphological, chemical, and magnetic characteristics. Illustrate their current role in medicinal applications and aquatic organisms by studying in vivo cytotoxic effects to motivate the development of enhanced SPIONs systems. As a recommendation, more research is needed to completely understand how various exposure endpoints of SPIONs disturb the bodies of red tilapia in the early stages. KEY POINTS: • Biogenic SPIONs: a material of the future. • Characterization is essential to assess the functional properties of the produced SPIONs. • FeO-SPIONs' impact on the red tilapia ontogeny.
氧化铁纳米颗粒因其超顺磁性而闻名，在未来的医疗保健治疗中具有广阔前景。然而，它们在医学和电子领域的广泛应用导致其排放到我们的环境中，这凸显了进一步研究其对水生生物细胞损伤效应的必要性。虽然其他化合物在鱼类早期生活阶段的有害特性已有报道，但超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒（SPIONs）在这些阶段的细胞毒性后果仍未得到探索。因此，本研究以红罗非鱼（Oreochromis sp.）为模式生物，首次探讨了芽孢杆菌生物诱导生物矿化的FeO-SPIONs在早期生活阶段引起的细微细胞变化。红罗非鱼卵受精后，分别用不同剂量的SPIONs（0、5、10、15和30 mg/l）及其十倍递增剂量（50、100、150和300 mg/l）处理72小时。研究了幼虫的孵化率、畸形率、体长和畸形情况。我们的研究表明，氧化铁纳米颗粒对红罗非鱼胚胎和幼虫的早期生活阶段有害。它们减缓了孵化延迟、降低了存活率、增加了心率、导致出血、发育停滞和膜损伤，并改变了轴的生理结构。此外，结果表明，当分别暴露于50和150 mg/l的SPIONs浓度时，红罗非鱼幼虫出现了大量畸形，包括脊柱前凸、脊柱后凸和脊柱侧凸。本研究有助于我们认识纳米颗粒的风险并评估其破坏潜力。这项研究的关键目标是描述所制备的磁铁矿SPIONs（29.44 g/l）的现有特征，包括其形态、化学和磁性特征。通过研究体内细胞毒性效应，阐明它们目前在医学应用和水生生物中的作用，以推动增强型SPIONs系统得到发展。作为一项建议，需要进行更多研究，以全面了解SPIONs的各种暴露终点如何在早期干扰红罗非鱼的身体。关键点：• 生物源SPIONs：未来的一种材料。• 表征对于评估所制备的SPIONs的功能特性至关重要。• FeO-SPIONs对红罗非鱼个体发育的影响。
