Flors L, Park A W, Norton P T, Hagspiel K D, Leiva-Salinas C
University of Virginia Health System, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, 1215 Lee Street, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; University of Missouri Health System, Department of Radiology, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
University of Virginia Health System, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, 1215 Lee Street, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Radiologia (Engl Ed). 2019 Jan-Feb;61(1):4-15. doi: 10.1016/j.rx.2017.11.006. Epub 2018 Oct 3.
Vascular malformations and tumors, also known as "vascular anomalies", comprise an extensive variety of lesions involving all parts of the body. Knowledge of their classification and imaging characteristics is paramount. Whereas hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors, characterized by cellular proliferation and hyperplasia; vascular malformations are not real tumors and characteristically exhibit normal endothelial turnover. Vascular malformations are classified according to the predominant vascular channel as arterial, capillary, venous, lymphatic, or mixed. Ultrasound and MRI are the main imaging modalities used in the diagnosis and classification of the vascular anomalies. In this series of two articles we review the classification of vascular anomalies, describe the role of imaging, summarize their distinctive histopathogenic, clinical and imaging features, and discuss the treatment options. On the first article we discuss the high-flow lesions, whereas the slow-flow lesions will be reviewed on the second. Complex syndromes with associated vascular tumors and malformations will be also presented.
血管畸形和肿瘤，也被称为“血管异常”，包括涉及身体各个部位的广泛病变类型。了解它们的分类和影像学特征至关重要。血管瘤是良性血管肿瘤，其特征为细胞增殖和增生；而血管畸形并非真正的肿瘤，其特征是内皮细胞更新正常。血管畸形根据主要的血管通道分为动脉型、毛细血管型、静脉型、淋巴管型或混合型。超声和磁共振成像（MRI）是用于血管异常诊断和分类的主要影像学检查方法。在这两篇系列文章中，我们回顾血管异常的分类，描述影像学检查的作用，总结其独特的组织病理学、临床和影像学特征，并讨论治疗方案。在第一篇文章中，我们讨论高流量病变，而低流量病变将在第二篇文章中进行回顾。还将介绍伴有相关血管肿瘤和畸形的复杂综合征。
