IEEE Rev Biomed Eng. 2019;12:72-87. doi: 10.1109/RBME.2018.2873817. Epub 2018 Oct 4.
Due to the constantly growing geriatric population and the projected increase of the prevalence of chronic diseases that are refractory to drugs, implantable medical devices (IMDs) such as neurostimulators, endoscopic capsules, artificial retinal prostheses, and brain-machine interfaces are being developed. According to many business forecast firms, the IMD market is expected to grow and they are subject to much research aiming to overcome the numerous challenges of their development. One of these challenges consists of designing a wireless power and data transmission system that has high power efficiency, high data rates, low power consumption, and high robustness against noise. This is in addition to minimal design and implementation complexity. This manuscript concerns a comprehensive survey of the latest techniques used to power up and communicate between an external base station and an IMD. Patient safety considerations related to biological, physical, electromagnetic, and electromagnetic interference concerns for wireless IMDs are also explored. The simultaneous powering and data communication techniques using a single inductive link for both power transfer and bidirectional data communication, including the various data modulation/demodulation techniques, are also reviewed. This review will hopefully contribute to the persistent efforts to implement compact reliable IMDs while lowering their cost and upsurging their benefits.
由于老年人口不断增加，预计药物难治性慢性疾病的患病率也会增加，因此正在开发植入式医疗设备（IMD），如神经刺激器、内窥镜胶囊、人工视网膜假体和脑机接口。根据许多商业预测公司的预测，IMD 市场预计将增长，并且针对它们的开发所面临的众多挑战进行了大量研究。其中一个挑战是设计一种具有高效率、高数据速率、低功耗和对噪声高鲁棒性的无线功率和数据传输系统。此外，还需要最小的设计和实现复杂性。本文对用于为外部基站和 IMD 之间供电和通信的最新技术进行了全面调查。还探讨了与无线 IMD 相关的生物、物理、电磁和电磁干扰问题的患者安全考虑因素。还回顾了使用单个感应链路同时进行功率传输和双向数据通信的技术，包括各种数据调制/解调技术。希望这篇综述能有助于持续努力实现紧凑可靠的 IMD，同时降低成本并提高效益。
