a Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, National Infection Service , Public Health England , London , UK.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(2):440-443. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1528837. Epub 2018 Oct 17.
In May 2016, the World Health Assembly ratified the first ever Global Health Sector Strategy (GHSS) on Viral Hepatitis to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. In pursuit of this elimination goal and recognising that hepatitis control through immunisation is an essential foundation of a hepatitis B prevention programme, the World Health Organization set out vaccine coverage targets for both universal and selective childhood immunisation programmes, focusing on preventing mother to child transmission. In August 2017 the UK introduced a hexavalent (DTaP/IPV/Hib/HepB) combination vaccine into the routine childhood immunisation programme, replacing the pentavalent vaccine given to all infants at 8, 12 and 16 weeks. With the addition of the 6th component to protect against hepatitis B the UK finally introduced universal hepatitis B immunisation. Prior to that, the UK had a selective immunisation policy targeting high risk groups for hepatitis B - including infants born to hepatitis B infected mothers. We tell the story of hepatitis B vaccination in the UK, and how we have evolved from selective to a universal infant immunisation programme, the factors considered in hepatitis B vaccine policy decision-making, and the progress towards elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat.
2016 年 5 月，世界卫生大会批准了有史以来第一个全球卫生部门病毒性肝炎战略（GHSS），旨在到 2030 年消除病毒性肝炎这一公共卫生威胁。为了实现这一消除目标，并认识到通过免疫接种控制肝炎是乙肝预防规划的重要基础，世界卫生组织为普遍和选择性儿童免疫规划设定了疫苗接种覆盖率目标，重点是预防母婴传播。2017 年 8 月，英国在常规儿童免疫规划中引入了六联疫苗（DTaP/IPV/Hib/HepB），取代了在 8、12 和 16 周时为所有婴儿接种的五联疫苗。随着第 6 种成分（预防乙型肝炎）的加入，英国最终引入了乙肝普遍免疫接种。在此之前，英国实行的是针对乙肝高危人群的选择性免疫接种政策，包括乙型肝炎感染母亲所生的婴儿。我们讲述了英国乙肝疫苗接种的故事，以及我们如何从选择性免疫接种计划发展为普遍针对婴儿的免疫接种计划，以及在乙肝疫苗政策决策中考虑的因素，以及在消除病毒性肝炎作为公共卫生威胁方面取得的进展。
