Rincón Paulina, Cova Félix, Saldivia Sandra, Bustos Claudio, Grandón Pamela, Inostroza Carolina, Streiner David, Bühring Vasily, King Michael
Department of Psychology, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Front Psychol. 2018 Sep 21;9:1751. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01751. eCollection 2018.
Evidence for the effectiveness of parental training as a strategy for promotion of positive parental practices and prevention of child behavior problems in low and middle income countries is not conclusive. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a universal positive parental training program designed for this context, "Día a Día" UdeC © ("Day by Day" University of Concepción), in Chilean preschoolers' families (3-6 years old children). A cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) was carried out in 19 preschool education centers. There were two treatment arms: 10 centers (including 178 families) were randomly assigned to the intervention group and nine centers (including 154 families) were assigned to the waiting list control condition. Intervention groups received Day by Day UdeC, a six group sessions program for parents, including two group sessions for preschool educators, focused in affective communication; daily and child-directed play; directed attention; routines and transitions; reinforcement and incentive programs; planned inattention-ignore and time out; and logical consequences. Parental practices, parental satisfaction, and presence of children behavioral problems were examined at two-time points: T1 (4 weeks before intervention) and T2 (5-6 weeks after intervention). Intention-to-treat analysis shows a reduction in physical punishment and an increase in parental involvement, as well as a reduction in children behavioral problems. A per-protocol analysis revealed an additional effect: increase in observed parental practices. This cRCT provided evidence for the effectiveness of a parental training program for the promotion of positive parental practices in low and middle income countries. The observed effects of the program in decreasing physical punishment and children's behavioral problems make it a promising strategy for prevention purposes. This study was registered under ISRCTN.com (ISRCTN90762146; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN90762146).
在低收入和中等收入国家，将父母培训作为促进积极育儿行为和预防儿童行为问题的策略，其有效性的证据并不确凿。本研究旨在评估为智利学龄前儿童家庭（3至6岁儿童）设计的通用积极父母培训项目“逐日”康塞普西翁大学版（“日复一日”康塞普西翁大学）在此背景下的有效性。在19个学前教育中心开展了一项整群随机对照试验（cRCT）。有两个治疗组：10个中心（包括178个家庭）被随机分配到干预组，9个中心（包括154个家庭）被分配到等待名单控制组。干预组接受“逐日”康塞普西翁大学版项目，这是一个为家长设计的六次小组课程项目，包括为学前教育工作者开展的两次小组课程，重点是情感沟通、日常和以儿童为导向的游戏、定向注意力、日常生活和过渡环节、强化和激励项目、计划性忽视和暂停、以及逻辑后果。在两个时间点对育儿行为、家长满意度和儿童行为问题的存在情况进行了检查：T1（干预前4周）和T2（干预后5至6周）。意向性分析显示身体惩罚减少、家长参与度增加，以及儿童行为问题减少。符合方案分析揭示了额外的效果：观察到的育儿行为增加。这项整群随机对照试验为低收入和中等收入国家促进积极育儿行为的父母培训项目的有效性提供了证据。该项目在减少身体惩罚和儿童行为问题方面观察到的效果使其成为一种有前景的预防策略。本研究已在ISRCTN.com注册（ISRCTN90762146；https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN90762146）。
