Gamble L, Gibson A, Mazeri S, de C Bronsvoort B M, Handel I, Mellanby R J
Mission Rabies, Cranborne, Dorset, BH21 5PZ, UK.
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
J Small Anim Pract. 2019 Jan;60(1):18-20. doi: 10.1111/jsap.12934. Epub 2018 Oct 8.
Rabies kills approximately 60,000 people each year, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, of which 40% of victims are less than 15 years old. Once clinical signs develop, the disease is almost invariably fatal. Globally, rabies has been estimated to cause 3∙7 million disability-adjusted life years and $8∙6B in economic losses annually. The vast majority of human rabies cases are caused by bites from rabies-infected dogs. Despite this loss of human life and resultant economic and societal costs, rabies can be prevented in both humans and dogs by vaccination. This has been demonstrated in many countries, notably in Central and South America, where large-scale, high coverage mass dog vaccination programmes have dramatically reduced the incidence of rabies. Even in parts of Africa and Asia, projects have shown that rabies can be eliminated locally. Nevertheless, rabies remains an important cause of mortality in many sub-Saharan and Asian countries. The reasons why some countries have been able to effectively eliminate rabies whereas others have not are complex and often impossible to definitively identify; commonly cited explanations include political, economic, logistical and societal barriers.
狂犬病每年导致约6万人死亡，主要集中在撒哈拉以南非洲和亚洲，其中40%的受害者年龄不到15岁。一旦出现临床症状，该病几乎无一例外会致命。据估计，在全球范围内，狂犬病每年造成370万个伤残调整生命年，经济损失达86亿美元。绝大多数人类狂犬病病例是由感染狂犬病的狗咬伤所致。尽管造成了人员生命损失以及由此产生的经济和社会成本，但通过接种疫苗，人和狗都可以预防狂犬病。许多国家都证明了这一点，尤其是在中美洲和南美洲，大规模、高覆盖率的犬类大规模疫苗接种计划大幅降低了狂犬病的发病率。即使在非洲和亚洲部分地区，一些项目也表明狂犬病可以在当地被消灭。然而，在许多撒哈拉以南和亚洲国家，狂犬病仍然是一个重要的死亡原因。一些国家能够有效消灭狂犬病而其他国家却不能，其原因很复杂，往往无法确切查明；常见的解释包括政治、经济、后勤和社会障碍。
