Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska Wioletta A, Czyż-Szybenbejl Katarzyna, Kwiecień-Jaguś Katarzyna, Lewandowska Katarzyna
Department of Anaesthesiology Nursing and Intensive Care, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
Postepy Kardiol Interwencyjnej. 2018;14(3):225-232. doi: 10.5114/aic.2018.78324. Epub 2018 Sep 21.
Cardiac arrest (CA) due to cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in developed countries. It is estimated that over 350,000 people in Europe suffer from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. According to the literature, the longer the episode of cardiac arrest, the greater the risk of cognitive impairment, especially short-term memory, as well as immediate and delayed recall. Other common dysfunctions include attention deficits and executive function disorders. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize current research on cognitive impairment in patients after sudden cardiac arrest. The electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, OVID, Web of Science, and EBSCO were searched using the following key words: 'sudden cardiac arrest', 'out-of-hospital cardiac arrest', 'cognitive function', 'cognitive impairment', 'functional outcome', 'cardiopulmonary resuscitation'. The most recent studies from the last 7 years (2011-2018) were included. Cognitive disorders occurred in a broad range of cases: from 13% to even 100%. In one study, cognitive deficits did not occur at all. Amongst the reviewed articles only two studies were carried out on a large group of patients. The remaining studies were conducted on a small group of respondents; therefore there was no possibility to generalize the results to the entire population. The areas in which the most cognitive impairment occurred were memory, executive functions and visual-motor skills. One of the conclusions derived from the reviewed literature is the importance of continuous training of cognitive functions, especially for people with cardiovascular risk.
在发达国家，心血管疾病导致的心脏骤停是主要死因。据估计，欧洲有超过35万人遭遇院外心脏骤停。根据文献记载，心脏骤停持续时间越长，认知功能受损风险越大，尤其是短期记忆以及即时和延迟回忆。其他常见功能障碍包括注意力缺陷和执行功能障碍。本系统综述的目的是总结当前关于心脏骤停患者认知功能障碍的研究。使用以下关键词在电子数据库PubMed/MEDLINE、OVID、科学网和EBSCO中进行检索：“心脏骤停”、“院外心脏骤停”、“认知功能”、“认知障碍”、“功能结局”、“心肺复苏”。纳入了过去7年（2011 - 2018年）的最新研究。认知障碍发生情况差异很大：从13%到甚至100%。在一项研究中，根本未出现认知缺陷。在综述的文章中，只有两项研究是针对一大群患者开展的。其余研究是在一小群受访者中进行的；因此无法将结果推广至整个人口。认知功能障碍最常出现的领域是记忆、执行功能和视觉运动技能。从综述文献中得出的结论之一是持续训练认知功能的重要性，尤其是对有心血管疾病风险的人群。
