Moeini Babak, Ezati Elahe, Barati Majid, Rezapur-Shahkolai Forouzan, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji Naser, Afshari Maryam
1 Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.
Workplace Health Saf. 2019 May;67(5):231-240. doi: 10.1177/2165079918796850. Epub 2018 Oct 10.
Farmers are among the most common work groups at risk of skin cancer. The protection motivation theory has been widely accepted as a framework for predicting health related behaviors. This study was conducted to determine the role of factors preventing skin cancer among farmers in Eslamabad-e Gharb district, Iran, using the protection motivation theory. In this descriptive study, 280 farmers living in this district were studied from May to June 2017. Using cluster random sampling methods, health houses where farmers received health care were selected. Each farmer within the selected health house was then enrolled into the study using simple random sampling. Data were collected by interview using an author-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire ascertained demographic information and constructs of the protection motivation theory. Almost half of the farmers had a history of sunburn (56.4%). With regard to prevention, a small proportion reported using sunscreen (8.6%), hats (3.2%), gloves 3.9%, sunglasses 4.6%, and protective clothing 15.4%. The results of regression analyses showed that with one unit of increase in the scores of self-efficacy to adopt prevention behavior and perceived protection motivation resulted in an increase in the mean score of the "protective" behavior by 0.26 and 0.20, respectively. Working conditions among farmers place them at great risk and skin cancer prevention is essential. Intervention and prevention programs should fully identify the determinants of skin cancer prevention in farmers; in addition, the identified effective factors must be taken into account when designing and implementing appropriate interventions.
农民是患皮肤癌风险最高的常见职业群体之一。保护动机理论已被广泛接受为预测健康相关行为的框架。本研究旨在运用保护动机理论，确定伊朗埃斯兰巴德 - 加尔布地区农民预防皮肤癌的因素所起的作用。在这项描述性研究中，于2017年5月至6月对该地区的280名农民进行了研究。采用整群随机抽样方法，选取了农民接受医疗保健的健康中心。然后，使用简单随机抽样方法，将所选健康中心内的每位农民纳入研究。通过使用作者自行编制的问卷进行访谈收集数据。该问卷确定了人口统计学信息以及保护动机理论的构成要素。几乎一半的农民有晒伤史（56.4%）。在预防方面，只有一小部分人报告使用防晒霜（8.6%）、帽子（3.2%）、手套（3.9%）、太阳镜（4.6%）和防护服（15.4%）。回归分析结果表明，预防行为的自我效能得分和感知保护动机得分每增加一个单位，“保护”行为的平均得分分别增加0.26和0.20。农民的工作条件使他们面临很大风险，预防皮肤癌至关重要。干预和预防计划应充分确定农民预防皮肤癌的决定因素；此外，在设计和实施适当干预措施时，必须考虑已确定的有效因素。
