韩国社区居住的有吞咽困难风险的老年人的社会人口学因素及饮食相关特征。
Socio-demographic factors and diet-related characteristics of community-dwelling elderly individuals with dysphagia risk in South Korea.
作者信息
Lim Youngsuk, Kim Chorong, Park Haeryun, Kwon Sooyoun, Kim Oksun, Kim Heeyoung, Lee Youngmi
机构信息
Department of Food & Nutrition, Myoungji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17058, Korea.
Food & Nutrition Team, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea.
出版信息
Nutr Res Pract. 2018 Oct;12(5):406-414. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.5.406. Epub 2018 Sep 18.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine dysphagia risk among community-dwelling elderly people living at home. We also examined the impact of socio-demographic variables on dysphagia risk as well as the relationship between dysphagia risk and dietary characteristics.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study sample included 568 community-dwelling individuals, aged 65 years and above, who were living independently in their own home in Seoul, Gyeonggi, or Gwangju in South Korea. We used a dysphagia risk assessment scale to screen for dysphagia risk and the Mini nutritional assessment to evaluate the nutritional status. Associations between dysphagia risk and other variables were assessed using logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
Of the 568 subjects, 350 (61.6%) were classified into the dysphagia risk group (DR) and 218 (38.4%) were classified into the normal group (non-DR). Being female (odds ratio (OR) = 1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28-2.59), being 75 years and older (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.69-3.42), having a lower education level (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.33-3.97), and having a lower perceived economic status (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.32-3.60) were more frequently observed with dysphagia risk compared to those who did not have such characteristics. Lowered mastication ability (OR = 14.40, 95% CI = 4.43-46.95), being at risk of malnutrition or malnourished (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.75-4.23), lowered appetite (OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 2.16-4.93), and decreased food intake (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.83-4.78) were observed more frequently in the DR group than in the non-DR group when adjusting for potential confounding factors.
CONCLUSIONS
It is necessary to develop and apply integrated programs to improve the dietary habits and nutritional status of elderly individuals at risk for dysphagia, especially for women aged 75 years or older with lower educational and economic levels.
背景/目的：本研究的目的是确定居家社区老年人的吞咽困难风险。我们还研究了社会人口统计学变量对吞咽困难风险的影响以及吞咽困难风险与饮食特征之间的关系。
对象/方法：研究样本包括568名年龄在65岁及以上、独立居住在韩国首尔、京畿道或光州自己家中的社区居民。我们使用吞咽困难风险评估量表筛查吞咽困难风险，并使用微型营养评定法评估营养状况。使用逻辑回归分析评估吞咽困难风险与其他变量之间的关联。
结果
在568名受试者中，350名（61.6%）被归类为吞咽困难风险组（DR），218名（38.4%）被归类为正常组（非DR）。与没有这些特征的人相比，女性（优势比（OR）=1.82，95%置信区间（CI）=1.28 - 2.59）、75岁及以上（OR = 2.40，95% CI = 1.69 - 3.42）、教育水平较低（OR = 2.29，95% CI = 1.33 - 3.97）以及自感经济状况较低（OR = 2.18，95% CI = 1.32 - 3.60）的人更常出现吞咽困难风险。在调整潜在混杂因素后，DR组比非DR组更频繁地出现咀嚼能力下降（OR = 14.40，95% CI = 4.43 - 46.95）、有营养不良风险或营养不良（OR = 2.72，95% CI = 1.75 - 4.23）、食欲下降（OR = 3.27，95% CI = 2.16 - 4.93）以及食物摄入量减少（OR = 2.95，95% CI = 1.83 - 4.78）的情况。
结论
有必要制定和应用综合方案，以改善有吞咽困难风险的老年人的饮食习惯和营养状况，特别是对于75岁及以上、教育和经济水平较低的女性。
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