较低的饮食多样性是日本老年居家照护受者营养不良的一个相关因素：一项横断面研究。
Lower dietary variety is a relevant factor for malnutrition in older Japanese home-care recipients: a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
Division of Visiting Nursing, Nishinomiya Social Welfare Corporation, Hyogo, Japan.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2019 Jul 26;19(1):197. doi: 10.1186/s12877-019-1206-z.
BACKGROUND
Nutritional status of the older people is affected by various life-style factors. Although dietary habit is one of the life-style factors, it is unknown which of older home-care recipients' dietary habits are associated with malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of dietary variety, as an evaluation index for dietary habits, with malnutrition in Japanese older home-care recipients.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a single city, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan between July and October 2016. Three hundred thirty-three community-dwelling older care recipients (aged 65 years or older who were receiving home-visit nursing care services) were enrolled. Their nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment®-short form: MNA®-SF), dietary variety (Food frequency score [FFS]), socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status, etc.), health indicators (comorbidity [Charlson Comorbidity Index] and dysphagia status [Dysphagia Severity Scale]) were assessed. The participants were classified into two groups: malnourished (0-7 points) and non-malnourished (8-14 points), according to their MNA®-SF scores. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors associated with malnutrition.
RESULTS
A total of 317 participants were analyzed (118 men, 199 women, median age: 84 years). Compared to the fourth (highest) quartile of FFS, odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of the third, second, and first (lowest) quartiles of FFS were 1.08 (0.42-2.80), 1.29 (0.56-2.98), and 2.30 (1.02-5.19), respectively (p for trend = 0.049). Higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score and the presence of dysphagia were also significantly associated with malnutrition (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.08-4.00 and OR: 3.86, 95% CI: 2.08-7.17, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Lower dietary variety was significantly associated with malnutrition in Japanese older home-care recipients.
背景
老年人的营养状况受各种生活方式因素的影响。虽然饮食习惯是生活方式因素之一，但尚不清楚哪些老年居家护理接受者的饮食习惯与营养不良有关。本研究旨在探讨饮食多样性作为饮食习惯的评价指标与日本老年居家护理接受者营养不良之间的关系。
方法
本横断面研究于 2016 年 7 月至 10 月在日本兵库县的一个城市进行。共纳入 333 名社区居住的老年护理接受者（年龄≥65 岁，接受上门护理服务）。评估他们的营养状况（Mini Nutritional Assessment®-short form：MNA®-SF）、饮食多样性（食物频率评分[FFS]）、社会人口统计学特征（年龄、性别、婚姻状况等）、健康指标（合并症[Charlson 合并症指数]和吞咽困难状况[吞咽困难严重程度量表]）。参与者根据 MNA®-SF 评分分为营养不良组（0-7 分）和非营养不良组（8-14 分）。采用多变量逻辑回归分析来检查与营养不良相关的因素。
结果
共分析了 317 名参与者（男性 118 名，女性 199 名，中位年龄 84 岁）。与 FFS 的第四（最高）四分位相比，FFS 的第三、第二和第一（最低）四分位的比值比（OR）（95%置信区间[CI]）分别为 1.08（0.42-2.80）、1.29（0.56-2.98）和 2.30（1.02-5.19）（趋势检验的 p 值=0.049）。较高的 Charlson 合并症指数评分和存在吞咽困难也与营养不良显著相关（OR：2.08，95%CI：1.08-4.00 和 OR：3.86，95%CI：2.08-7.17）。
结论
较低的饮食多样性与日本老年居家护理接受者的营养不良显著相关。
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