Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia, 3168.
The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia, 3168.
J Physiol. 2018 Dec;596(23):5665-5674. doi: 10.1113/JP277151. Epub 2018 Nov 2.
The human brain is one of the most complex structures currently under study. Its external shape is highly convoluted, with folds and valleys over the entire surface of the cortex. Disruption of the normal pattern of folding is associated with a number of abnormal neurological outcomes, some serious for the individual. Most of our knowledge of the normal development and folding of the cerebral cortex (gyrification) focuses on the internal, biological (i.e. genetically driven) mechanisms of the brain that drive gyrification. However, the impact of an adverse intrauterine and maternal physiological environment on cortical folding during fetal development has been understudied. Accumulating evidence suggests that the state of the intrauterine and maternal environment can have a significant impact on gyrification of the fetal cerebral cortex. This review summarises our current knowledge of how development in a suboptimal intrauterine and maternal environment can affect the normal development of the folded cerebral cortex.
人脑是目前研究的最复杂的结构之一。它的外部形状是高度卷曲的，在皮质表面有褶皱和山谷。正常折叠模式的破坏与许多异常神经学结果有关，有些对个体来说是严重的。我们对大脑皮层（脑回）正常发育和折叠的大部分了解都集中在内部的、生物的（即基因驱动的）大脑机制上，这些机制推动了脑回的形成。然而，在胎儿发育过程中，不良的宫内和母体生理环境对皮质折叠的影响还研究得不够充分。越来越多的证据表明，宫内和母体环境的状态可以对胎儿大脑皮质的脑回形成产生重大影响。这篇综述总结了我们目前对宫内和母体环境不佳如何影响折叠大脑皮层正常发育的了解。
