Penny Frances, Judge Michelle, Brownell Elizabeth, McGrath Jacqueline M
Department of Nursing, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent Street, New Haven, CT, 06515, USA.
School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Matern Child Health J. 2018 Nov;22(11):1568-1579. doi: 10.1007/s10995-018-2632-9.
Background The benefits of human milk for the preterm infant are well established. Preterm infants have lower breastfeeding rates and often face breastfeeding challenges. It is important that feeding practices for preterm infants optimize their chances of breastfeeding. Objective The purpose of this integrated review is to synthesize and critically analyze research related to the safety and efficacy of cup feeding as an alternative, supplemental feeding method for breastfed infants. Data Sources The electronic data bases of PubMed, CINAHL and were used to identify studies published in English from 1998- 2017. Design Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were initially assessed. After further screening 19 articles were included in the full review and of these 5 more were excluded. Lastly, an in-depth review of these 14 studies resulted in 2 more exclusions, for a total of 12 studies that met full inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review Methods Studies were examined for information on safety and efficacy of cup feeding as an alternative, supplemental feeding method for preterm breastfed infants. Studies were grouped into categories of outcomes that included (a) safety and physiologic properties; (b) breastfeeding outcomes. Results Use of cup feeding resulted in more stable heart rate and oxygen saturation than bottle feeding with similar weight gain. Additionally, breastfeeding rates were higher at discharge with continued higher rates at 3 and 6 months post-discharge for cup fed infants. Conclusions Premature infants face more breastfeeding obstacles than term infants. The potential for cup feeding as an alternative to bottle-feeding for breast fed preterm infants is positively supported by these results It is fundamentally important for NICU professionals to establish a protocol, education and training for the potential use of this feeding method for this vulnerable population.
背景 人乳对早产儿的益处已得到充分证实。早产儿的母乳喂养率较低，且常常面临母乳喂养方面的挑战。优化早产儿的喂养方式以增加其母乳喂养的机会非常重要。目的 本综合性综述的目的是综合并批判性分析与杯式喂养作为母乳喂养婴儿的一种替代补充喂养方法的安全性和有效性相关的研究。数据来源 使用PubMed、CINAHL等电子数据库来识别1998年至2017年以英文发表的研究。设计 根据纳入和排除标准，最初评估了27篇文章。经过进一步筛选，19篇文章被纳入全面综述，其中又排除了5篇。最后，对这14项研究进行深入审查又排除了2篇，最终共有12项研究符合全面的纳入和排除标准。综述方法 审查各项研究，以获取有关杯式喂养作为早产母乳喂养婴儿的替代补充喂养方法的安全性和有效性的信息。研究被分为不同的结果类别，包括：(a) 安全性和生理特性；(b) 母乳喂养结果。结果 与奶瓶喂养相比，使用杯式喂养时心率和血氧饱和度更稳定，体重增加情况相似。此外，杯式喂养的婴儿出院时母乳喂养率更高，出院后3个月和6个月时仍保持较高水平。结论 早产儿比足月儿面临更多母乳喂养障碍。这些结果积极支持了杯式喂养作为母乳喂养早产儿替代奶瓶喂养的可能性。对于新生儿重症监护病房的专业人员来说，为这一脆弱群体建立关于这种喂养方法潜在用途的方案、教育和培训至关重要。
