Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Siriraj Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Nat Immunol. 2018 Nov;19(11):1189-1198. doi: 10.1038/s41590-018-0210-3. Epub 2018 Oct 17.
Arthropod-borne flaviviruses are important human pathogens that cause a diverse range of clinical conditions, including severe hemorrhagic syndromes, neurological complications and congenital malformations. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop safe and effective vaccines, a process requiring better understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved during infection. Decades of research suggest a paradoxical role of the immune response against flaviviruses: although the immune response is crucial for the control, clearance and prevention of infection, poor clinical outcomes are commonly associated with virus-specific immunity and immunopathogenesis. This relationship is further complicated by the high homology among viruses and the implication of cross-reactive immune responses in protection and pathogenesis. This Review examines the dual role of the adaptive immune response against flaviviruses, particularly emphasizing the most recent findings regarding cross-reactive T cell and antibody responses, and the effects that these concepts have on vaccine-development endeavors.
虫媒黄病毒是重要的人类病原体，可引起多种临床病症，包括严重出血综合征、神经并发症和先天畸形。因此，迫切需要开发安全有效的疫苗，这一过程需要更好地了解感染过程中涉及的免疫机制。数十年的研究表明，针对黄病毒的免疫反应具有矛盾性作用：尽管免疫反应对于控制、清除和预防感染至关重要，但病毒特异性免疫和免疫发病机制常与不良临床结局相关。这种关系因病毒之间的高度同源性以及交叉反应性免疫反应在保护和发病机制中的作用而变得更加复杂。这篇综述探讨了针对黄病毒的适应性免疫反应的双重作用，特别强调了关于交叉反应性 T 细胞和抗体反应的最新发现，以及这些概念对疫苗开发工作的影响。
