Department of Biology and Chemistry and State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Department of Biology and Chemistry and State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 15;651(Pt 2):2391-2399. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.148. Epub 2018 Oct 11.
The benzophenone (BP) organic ultraviolet (UV) filters have been measured in seawater at ng/L to μg/L levels, but more data on their effects in non-target marine organisms are needed. Corals can be exposed to BPs due to wastewater discharges and coastal recreational activities. In this study, toxicities and bioaccumulation of BP-1 (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone), BP-3 (oxybenzone), BP-4 (sulisobenzone) and BP-8 (dioxybenzone) to larvae and adults of two coral species, Pocillopora damicornis and Seriatopora caliendrum, were assessed at concentrations ranging from 0.1-1000 μg/L. BP-1 and BP-8 exposure caused significant settlement failure, bleaching and mortality of S. caliendrum larvae [lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC): ≥10 μg/L] compared to the other BPs, while none of the tested compounds and concentrations affected P. damicornis larvae. Nubbins were more sensitive to BP-3, BP-1 and BP-8 than larvae. Overall, BP-1 and BP-8 were more toxic to the two tested species than BP-3 and BP-4, which matches the relative bioaccumulation potential of the four BPs (BP-8 > BP-1 ≈ BP-3 > BP-4). A conservative risk assessment using the effect concentrations derived from this study showed that BP-3, BP-1 and BP-8 pose high or medium risk to the health of corals in popular recreational areas of Taiwan and Hong Kong. Our study suggests that future ecotoxicological studies of corals should take their sensitivities, life stages and metabolic capacities into consideration.
苯甲酮（BP）类有机紫外线（UV）滤光剂在海水中的浓度范围为 ng/L 到 μg/L，但仍需要更多关于其对非目标海洋生物影响的数据。由于废水排放和沿海娱乐活动，珊瑚可能会接触到 BP。在这项研究中，评估了两种珊瑚物种（Pocillopora damicornis 和 Seriatopora caliendrum）幼虫和成体对 BP-1（2,4-二羟基苯甲酮）、BP-3（氧苯酮）、BP-4（磺酰基苯酮）和 BP-8（二苯甲酮）的毒性和生物累积作用，浓度范围从 0.1-1000μg/L。与其他 BP 相比，BP-1 和 BP-8 暴露导致 S. caliendrum 幼虫显著的附着失败、白化和死亡率（最低观察到的效应浓度 (LOEC)：≥10μg/L），而测试的化合物和浓度均未影响 P. damicornis 幼虫。与幼虫相比，断枝对 BP-3、BP-1 和 BP-8 更敏感。总体而言，BP-1 和 BP-8 对两种测试物种的毒性大于 BP-3 和 BP-4，这与四种 BP 的相对生物累积潜力相匹配（BP-8>BP-1≈BP-3>BP-4）。使用本研究得出的效应浓度进行的保守风险评估表明，BP-3、BP-1 和 BP-8 对台湾和香港热门娱乐区珊瑚的健康构成高或中风险。我们的研究表明，未来对珊瑚的生态毒理学研究应考虑其敏感性、生命阶段和代谢能力。
