Grant Garett J, Lim Henry W, Mohammad Tasneem F
Department of Internal Medicine, Transitional Year Residency Program, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
Morehead Family Medicine Residency Program, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2025 Feb;24(2):343-356. doi: 10.1007/s43630-024-00674-8. Epub 2024 Dec 20.
Numerous anthropogenic ultraviolet filters (UVF) have been detected in aquatic environments and concerns have arisen regarding their potential impacts on aquatic organisms. This manuscript reviews the environmental concentrations and potential toxicity of various UVF. The highest concentrations of UVF are typically observed near frequently visited recreational areas and during peak water-activity periods, which suggests that sunscreen application correlates with noticeable alterations in UVF concentrations. Aquatic concentrations of certain filters have sporadically exceeded 10 μg/L, although most measurements remain below 1 µg/L, which is below commonly reported toxicity levels. UVF have also been detected in aquatic organisms, typically ranging from nondetectable levels to a few hundred ng/g, depending on the species. The toxic effects from UVF, such as coral bleaching and diminished growth, have been observed in laboratory settings, however, toxicity tends to manifest only at significantly higher levels than what is typically detected in aquatic environments. Further research is imperative to provide consumers with improved guidance on selecting sunscreen containing UVF that poses the least environmental risk.
在水生环境中已检测到多种人为紫外线过滤剂（UVF），人们对其可能对水生生物产生的影响表示担忧。本手稿综述了各种UVF的环境浓度和潜在毒性。通常在频繁光顾的休闲区域附近以及水活动高峰期观察到UVF的最高浓度，这表明防晒霜的使用与UVF浓度的显著变化相关。某些过滤剂的水生浓度偶尔会超过10μg/L，尽管大多数测量值仍低于1μg/L，这低于通常报道的毒性水平。在水生生物中也检测到了UVF，根据物种不同，其含量通常从检测不到到几百纳克/克不等。在实验室环境中已观察到UVF的毒性作用，如珊瑚白化和生长减缓，然而，毒性往往仅在比水生环境中通常检测到的水平高得多时才会显现。必须进行进一步研究，以便为消费者提供更好的指导，帮助他们选择对环境风险最小的含UVF防晒霜。
