School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 15;651(Pt 2):2497-2506. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.162. Epub 2018 Oct 14.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) residues have attracted attention worldwide. This study summarizes the current levels of PAH exposure in the water environments of lakes. In addition, the risk levels from individual PAHs and ΣPAHs in the water environments of lakes in China were evaluated by incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) assessment, the toxic equivalent concentration (TEQ), the risk quotient (RQ), the effects range-low (ERL) and the effects range-median (ERM). The results showed that the concentrations of ∑PAHs in water and sediment ranged from 4.0 to 12,970.8 ng L and 6.52 to 7935.21 ng g, respectively, and the highest concentrations of individual PAHs were of naphthalene (Nap) (6525 ng L), followed by indeno(1,2,3‑cd)pyrene (IcdP) (3452.6 ng g). Concentrations in the Great Lakes region in China showed spatial difference, with the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Lakes District and Mongolia-Xinjiang Lakes District being less polluted. However, the pollution level of PAHs in lakes is relatively high at the global scale. The ecological risk assessment found a moderate level of ∑PAHs in water, but benz(a)anthracene (BaA) and phenanthrene (Phe) had high RQ values, which might pose a significant risk to aquatic organisms in lakes. Although the contents of ∑PAHs in sediments are low, most individual PAHs pose potential risks, especially acenaphthene (Ace), fluorene (Flu) and dibenz(a,h)anthracene (DahA). This study revealed the pollution levels of PAHs across China and provided a scientific basis for PAH pollution control and environmental protection.
多环芳烃（PAHs）残留已引起全球关注。本研究总结了湖泊水环境中 PAH 暴露的当前水平。此外，通过增量终生癌症风险（ILCR）评估、毒性等效浓度（TEQ）、风险商（RQ）、效应范围低值（ERL）和效应范围中值（ERM）评估了中国湖泊水环境中个别 PAHs 和 ΣPAHs 的风险水平。结果表明，水和沉积物中∑PAHs 的浓度范围分别为 4.0 至 12,970.8 ng L 和 6.52 至 7935.21 ng g，其中单体 PAHs 的最高浓度为萘（Nap）（6525 ng L），其次是苊烯（IcdP）（3452.6 ng g）。中国大湖区的浓度表现出空间差异，青藏高原湖区和蒙新区污染程度较低。然而，湖泊中 PAHs 的污染水平在全球范围内相对较高。生态风险评估发现水中∑PAHs 处于中等水平，但苯并(a)蒽（BaA）和菲（Phe）的 RQ 值较高，可能对湖泊中的水生生物构成重大风险。尽管沉积物中∑PAHs 的含量较低，但大多数单体 PAHs 仍存在潜在风险，尤其是苊、芴和荧蒽。本研究揭示了中国的 PAHs 污染水平，为 PAH 污染控制和环境保护提供了科学依据。
