Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pancreatology, and Nutrition, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Health Care, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, 5721 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2018 Dec;47(4):895-908. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2018.07.012. Epub 2018 Oct 5.
Food allergies are on the rise, for reasons that are not fully understood. However, there is a tendency to overestimate their frequency, mostly based on parents' reports or on the assumption that a positive skin or blood IgE test implies the existence of clinically relevant allergy. It is imperative to base food allergy diagnosis on well-defined criteria, avoiding "alternative" tests that are available to the general public. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity is a misnomer and should be abandoned in favor of non-celiac wheat intolerance, an entity suffering from lack of biomarkers and still not convincingly described in children.
食物过敏的发病率正在上升,但具体原因尚未完全明确。然而,人们往往倾向于过高估计其发病率,这主要基于家长的报告,或者假设皮肤点刺试验或血清 IgE 检测阳性意味着存在临床相关的过敏。因此,食物过敏的诊断必须基于明确的标准,避免使用一般公众可获得的“替代”检测方法。非麸质麦胶敏感性是一个误称,应弃用,改为非麸质麦不耐受,这是一种缺乏生物标志物的病症,在儿童中也尚未得到令人信服的描述。