a Faculty of Environmental Sciences , VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU) , Thanh Xuan , Hanoi , Vietnam.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2019 Mar;69(3):259-265. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1537943. Epub 2018 Nov 14.
Little is known about personal exposure levels of black carbon (BC), a fraction of PM2.5, specifically in the transport microenvironments. In this study, real-time personal exposure to BC recorded by a portable microAeth AE51 was investigated in microenvironments in a round-trip from Hanoi (Vietnam) directly to Singapore. Personal exposure to BC was monitored in microenvironments at residential flat, in various surface modes of transport (taxi, bus, train), at the airports, and on the airplanes. The study found that personal exposure levels of BC in Singapore were higher than those in Hanoi for the same type of microenvironment in general for most of the microenvironments, except for smoking rooms. The highest exposures in each city were in smoking room in Noi Bai International Airport (NIA) and at bus station in Singapore, reached 98,709 ng/m3 and 44,513 ng/m3, respectively; the lowest personal exposure level was in-flight (approximately 250 ng/m3) for both trips. It is also remarkable that personal exposure to BC in indoor microenvironments was higher than outdoor levels. Implications: Real-time personal exposure to BC was investigated in microenvironments in a round trip from Hanoi (Vietnam) directly to Singapore. BC personal exposure levels in Singapore were higher than those in Hanoi for the same type of microenvironment except for smoking rooms. Personal exposure to BC levels in indoor microenvironments was higher than in outdoor microenvironments. The highest levels of exposure were 98,709 ng/m3 in the smoking room at Noi Bai International Airport (Hanoi) and 44,513 ng/m3 at the bus station in Changi (Singapore). The lowest BC level was in-flight for both trips, at approximately 250 ng/m3.
人们对黑碳（BC）的个人暴露水平知之甚少，BC 是 PM2.5 的一部分，特别是在交通微环境中。在这项研究中，通过便携式微粉尘仪 AE51 实时记录了往返于越南河内和新加坡的个人 BC 暴露情况。在居民楼、各种交通方式（出租车、公共汽车、火车）、机场和飞机上的微环境中监测了个人 BC 暴露情况。研究发现，对于大多数微环境，新加坡的个人 BC 暴露水平总体上高于河内的相同类型的微环境，但吸烟室除外。在每个城市中，最高的暴露水平分别出现在诺伊拜国际机场（NIA）的吸烟室和新加坡的公共汽车站，达到 98709ng/m3 和 44513ng/m3；两次旅行中个人的最低暴露水平均在飞行中（约 250ng/m3）。同样值得注意的是，室内微环境中的个人 BC 暴露水平高于室外水平。
本研究在往返于越南河内和新加坡的行程中，在微环境中实时监测了个人 BC 暴露情况。与吸烟室以外的相同类型的微环境相比，新加坡的个人 BC 暴露水平高于河内。室内微环境中的个人 BC 暴露水平高于室外微环境。暴露水平最高的是河内诺伊拜国际机场（NIA）吸烟室的 98709ng/m3 和新加坡樟宜巴士站的 44513ng/m3。两次旅行中，个人 BC 暴露水平最低的是飞行时，约为 250ng/m3。
