School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018 Nov;132:641-651. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.014. Epub 2018 Oct 13.
Nickel (Ni) is becoming a toxic pollutant in agricultural environments. Due to its diverse uses from a range of common household items to industrial applications, it is essential to examine Ni bioavailability in soil and plants. Ni occurs in the environment (soil, water and air) in very small concentrations and eventually taken up by plants through roots once it becomes available in soil. It is an essential nutrient for normal plant growth and development and required for the activation of several enzymes such as urease, and glyoxalase-I. Ni plays important roles in a wide range of physiological processes including seed germination, vegetative and reproductive growth, photosynthesis as well as in nitrogen metabolism. Therefore, plants cannot endure their life cycle without adequate Ni supply. However, excessive Ni concentration can lead to induce ROS production affecting numerous physiological and biochemical processes such as photosynthesis, transpiration, as well as mineral nutrition and causes phytotoxicity in plants. ROS production intensifies the disintegration of plasma membranes and deactivates functioning of vital enzymes through lipid peroxidation. This review article explores the essential roles of Ni in the life cycle of plant as well as its toxic effects in details. In conclusion, we have proposed different viable approaches for remediation of Ni-contaminated soils.
镍（Ni）在农业环境中已成为一种有毒污染物。由于其用途广泛，从各种常见的家用物品到工业应用，因此必须研究土壤和植物中镍的生物可利用性。镍在环境（土壤、水和空气中）中的浓度非常低，一旦在土壤中变得可用，就会通过根部被植物吸收。镍是植物正常生长和发育所必需的营养物质，也是几种酶（如脲酶和乙二醛酶-I）的激活剂。镍在广泛的生理过程中发挥着重要作用，包括种子萌发、营养生长和生殖生长、光合作用以及氮代谢。因此，植物如果没有足够的镍供应，就无法完成其生命周期。然而，过量的镍浓度会导致活性氧（ROS）的产生，从而影响光合作用、蒸腾作用以及矿物质营养等众多生理和生化过程，并在植物中引起毒性。ROS 的产生会加剧质膜的瓦解，并通过脂质过氧化作用使重要酶的功能失活。本文详细探讨了镍在植物生命周期中的必需作用及其毒性效应。最后，我们提出了几种可行的修复受镍污染土壤的方法。
