Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benatska 2, CZ12800, Praha, Czech Republic.
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
Chemosphere. 2023 Jul;328:138574. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138574. Epub 2023 Apr 3.
Scientists studying the environment, physiology, and biology have been particularly interested in nickel (Ni) because of its dual effects (essentiality and toxicity) on terrestrial biota. It has been reported in some studies that without an adequate supply of Ni, plants are unable to finish their life cycle. The safest Ni limit for plants is 1.5 μg g, while the limit for soil is between 75 and 150 μg g. Ni at lethal levels harms plants by interfering with a variety of physiological functions, including enzyme activity, root development, photosynthesis, and mineral uptake. This review focuses on the occurrence and phytotoxicity of Ni with respect to growth, physiological and biochemical aspects. It also delves into advanced Ni detoxification mechanisms such as cellular modifications, organic acids, and chelation of Ni by plant roots, and emphasizes the role of genes involved in Ni detoxification. The discussion has been carried out on the current state of using soil amendments and plant-microbe interactions to successfully remediate Ni from contaminated sites. This review has identified potential drawbacks and difficulties of various strategies for Ni remediation, discussed the importance of these findings for environmental authorities and decision-makers, and concluded by noting the sustainability concerns and future research needs regarding Ni remediation.
科学家们对环境、生理学和生物学进行了研究，特别关注镍（Ni），因为它对陆地生物群具有双重作用（必需性和毒性）。一些研究报告指出，如果没有足够的镍供应，植物就无法完成其生命周期。植物的安全镍限值为 1.5μg/g，而土壤的限值在 75 到 150μg/g 之间。在致死水平的镍会通过干扰各种生理功能，包括酶活性、根系发育、光合作用和矿物质吸收，对植物造成伤害。本综述重点介绍了镍的发生和植物毒性，涉及生长、生理和生化方面。它还深入探讨了先进的镍解毒机制，如细胞修饰、有机酸和植物根系对镍的螯合作用，并强调了参与镍解毒的基因的作用。讨论了使用土壤改良剂和植物-微生物相互作用成功修复污染场地中镍的现状。本综述确定了各种镍修复策略的潜在缺点和困难，讨论了这些发现对环境管理部门和决策者的重要性，并最后指出了镍修复的可持续性问题和未来研究需求。
