儿童发展中逆境与社会经济不平等的独特机制：基于证据的政策综述与建议
Distinctive Mechanisms of Adversity and Socioeconomic Inequality in Child Development: A Review and Recommendations for Evidence-Based Policy.
作者信息
Amso Dima, Lynn Andrew
机构信息
Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
出版信息
Policy Insights Behav Brain Sci. 2017;4(2):139-146. doi: 10.1177/2372732217721933. Epub 2017 Jul 25.
Abstract
This review proposes separate and distinct biological mechanisms for the effects of adversity, more commonly experienced in poverty, and socioeconomic status (SES) on child development. Adversity affects brain and cognitive development through the biological stress response, which confers risk for pathology. Critically, we argue that a different mechanism, enrichment, shapes differences in brain and cognitive development across the SES spectrum. Distinguishing between adversity and SES allows for precise, evidence-based policy recommendations. We offer recommendations designed to ensure equity in children's experiences to help narrow the achievement gap and promote intergenerational mobility.
摘要
本综述提出了不同的生物学机制，来解释贫困中更常见的逆境以及社会经济地位（SES）对儿童发育的影响。逆境通过生物应激反应影响大脑和认知发展，这带来了患病风险。至关重要的是，我们认为一种不同的机制，即丰富环境，塑造了SES范围内大脑和认知发展的差异。区分逆境和SES有助于提出精确的、基于证据的政策建议。我们提供旨在确保儿童经历公平的建议，以帮助缩小成就差距并促进代际流动。
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