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本文引用的文献

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Kindergarten readiness for low-income and ethnically diverse children attending publicly funded preschool programs in Miami.迈阿密参加公共资助学前教育项目的低收入及不同种族儿童对幼儿园的准备情况。
Early Child Res Q. 2016;37:69-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.06.002. Epub 2016 Jul 9.
2
The nurse-family partnership: An evidence-based preventive intervention.护士-家庭伙伴关系：一种基于证据的预防性干预措施。
Infant Ment Health J. 2006 Jan;27(1):5-25. doi: 10.1002/imhj.20077.
3
Childhood socioeconomic status and childhood maltreatment: Distinct associations with brain structure.儿童期社会经济地位与儿童期虐待：与脑结构的不同关联。
PLoS One. 2017 Apr 17;12(4):e0175690. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175690. eCollection 2017.
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Enhancing executive functioning among toddlers in foster care with an attachment-based intervention.通过基于依恋的干预措施提高寄养幼儿的执行功能。
Dev Psychopathol. 2017 May;29(2):575-586. doi: 10.1017/S0954579417000190.
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Neglect as a Violation of Species-Expectant Experience: Neurodevelopmental Consequences.忽视作为物种预期体验的违反：神经发育后果。
Biol Psychiatry. 2017 Oct 1;82(7):462-471. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.1096. Epub 2017 Feb 27.
6
Socioeconomic status, hair cortisol and internalizing symptoms in parents and children.父母与子女的社会经济地位、头发皮质醇水平及内化症状
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2017 Apr;78:142-150. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.020. Epub 2017 Jan 28.
7
Executive Function as a Mediator Between SES and Academic Achievement Throughout Childhood.整个童年期，执行功能作为社会经济地位（SES）与学业成就之间的中介因素
Int J Behav Dev. 2017 Jan;41(1):94-104. doi: 10.1177/0165025415603489. Epub 2015 Sep 22.
8
Socioeconomic status, white matter, and executive function in children.儿童的社会经济地位、白质与执行功能
Brain Behav. 2016 Aug 2;6(10):e00531. doi: 10.1002/brb3.531. eCollection 2016 Oct.
9
Age-Related Differences in Cortical Thickness Vary by Socioeconomic Status.皮质厚度的年龄相关差异因社会经济地位而异。
PLoS One. 2016 Sep 19;11(9):e0162511. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162511. eCollection 2016.
10
Selective attention neutralizes the adverse effects of low socioeconomic status on memory in 9-month-old infants.选择性注意可抵消社会经济地位低下对9个月大婴儿记忆力的不利影响。
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儿童发展中逆境与社会经济不平等的独特机制：基于证据的政策综述与建议

Distinctive Mechanisms of Adversity and Socioeconomic Inequality in Child Development: A Review and Recommendations for Evidence-Based Policy.

作者信息

Amso Dima, Lynn Andrew

机构信息

Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

出版信息

Policy Insights Behav Brain Sci. 2017;4(2):139-146. doi: 10.1177/2372732217721933. Epub 2017 Jul 25.

DOI:10.1177/2372732217721933
PMID:30345346
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6192058/
Abstract

This review proposes separate and distinct biological mechanisms for the effects of adversity, more commonly experienced in poverty, and socioeconomic status (SES) on child development. Adversity affects brain and cognitive development through the biological stress response, which confers risk for pathology. Critically, we argue that a different mechanism, enrichment, shapes differences in brain and cognitive development across the SES spectrum. Distinguishing between adversity and SES allows for precise, evidence-based policy recommendations. We offer recommendations designed to ensure equity in children's experiences to help narrow the achievement gap and promote intergenerational mobility.

摘要

本综述提出了不同的生物学机制，来解释贫困中更常见的逆境以及社会经济地位（SES）对儿童发育的影响。逆境通过生物应激反应影响大脑和认知发展，这带来了患病风险。至关重要的是，我们认为一种不同的机制，即丰富环境，塑造了SES范围内大脑和认知发展的差异。区分逆境和SES有助于提出精确的、基于证据的政策建议。我们提供旨在确保儿童经历公平的建议，以帮助缩小成就差距并促进代际流动。