State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
PLoS One. 2018 Oct 22;13(10):e0205503. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205503. eCollection 2018.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia, it can be categorized by T1DM and T2DM. T1DM is also reported to cause bone loss. However, most reports regarding this aspect of T1DM have only investigated a single site; a comparison of bone loss from different areas of the body is still lacking.
Thirty-five 12-week-old Sprague Dawley® (SD) rats were separated to seven groups. Five rats were euthanized without any surgery at 0 weeks for histological examination and determination of baseline characteristics. In 15 of the rats, DM was induced via Streptozotocin (STZ)-injection, and they were separated to 3 groups (4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after STZ-injection). The remaining 15 rats were used as the control group (4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after saline-injection). We tested bone-mass loss at four skeletal sites, the tibia, the femur greater trochanter, the spine, and the mandibular bones using micro-computed tomography (CT) and histological tests.
Tibia was influenced the most obvious(BV/TV decreased by 27.3%, 52.5%, and 81.2% at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks, respectively. p<0.05). In contrast, the other three sites were influenced to a lesser extent and bone loss became prominent at a later time point according to the histological and micro-CT tests(Femur: BV/TV did not decrease significantly at the first month or second month. However, and decreased by 49.4% at the third month, P<0.05. Mandible: the BV/TV only decreased by 6.5% at 1 month after STZ-injection. There was still a significant difference between the second and third months. The BV/TV decreased by 47.0% and 68.1% at 2 months and 3 months, respectively, (p<0.05) Spine: the BV/TV only decreased by 6.7%. However, significant change was observed in the spine at the second month and third month after STZ injection. The BV/TV decreased by 45.4% and 64.3%, respectively, p<0.05).
The results indicate that T1DM can severely influence the bone structure of the 4 skeletal sites. Further, areas with dense trabecular bones were influenced less and at a later time point in comparison to the tibial region.
Our research can serve as a guide to help increase the success rate of implant treatment, and help decrease the fracture risk in different bone types with greater accuracy.
糖尿病（DM）是最常见的代谢紊乱，其特征是高血糖，可以分为 T1DM 和 T2DM。也有报道称 T1DM 会导致骨丢失。然而，大多数关于 T1DM 这方面的报告只调查了单一部位，对于身体不同部位的骨丢失比较仍缺乏研究。
将 35 只 12 周龄的 Sprague Dawley®（SD）大鼠分为七组。五只大鼠未经任何手术于 0 周处死，进行组织学检查和基线特征测定。在 15 只大鼠中，通过链脲佐菌素（STZ）注射诱导 DM，并将其分为 3 组（注射 STZ 后 4 周、8 周和 12 周）。其余 15 只大鼠作为对照组（注射生理盐水后 4 周、8 周和 12 周）。我们使用微计算机断层扫描（CT）和组织学测试测试了四个骨骼部位（胫骨、股骨大转子、脊柱和下颌骨）的骨量丢失。
胫骨受影响最明显（4 周、8 周和 12 周时，BV/TV 分别下降 27.3%、52.5%和 81.2%，p<0.05）。相比之下，其他三个部位受影响较小，根据组织学和微 CT 测试，骨丢失在较晚的时间点变得明显（股骨：第一个月或第二个月 BV/TV 没有明显下降。然而，第三个月下降了 49.4%，p<0.05。下颌骨：STZ 注射后 1 个月，BV/TV 仅下降 6.5%。第二个月和第三个月之间仍有显著差异。BV/TV 分别下降 47.0%和 68.1%，p<0.05）。脊柱：BV/TV 仅下降 6.7%。然而，STZ 注射后第二个月和第三个月，脊柱有明显变化。BV/TV 分别下降 45.4%和 64.3%，p<0.05）。
结果表明，T1DM 可严重影响 4 个骨骼部位的骨结构。此外，与胫骨区域相比，骨小梁较密集的区域受影响较小，且发生时间较晚。
我们的研究可以作为指导，帮助提高种植治疗的成功率，并帮助更准确地降低不同骨类型的骨折风险。
