State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
Water Res. 2019 Jan 1;148:70-85. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.025. Epub 2018 Oct 11.
Appropriately selecting methods for characterizing the reaction system of zerovalent iron (ZVI) favors its application for water treatment and remediation. Hence, a survey of the available ZVI characterization techniques used in laboratory and field studies are presented in this review for clarifying the characteristic properties, (in-situ) corrosion processes, and corrosion products of ZVI system. The methods are generally classified into four broad categories: morphology characterization techniques, (sub-)surface and bulk analysis mainly via the spectral protocols, along with the (physio)electrochemical alternatives. Moreover, this paper provides a critical review on the scopes and applications of ZVI characterization methodologies from several perspectives including their suitable occasions, availability, (semi-)quantitative/qualitative evaluations, in/ex-situ reaction information, advantages, limitations and challenges, as well as economic and technical remarks. In particular, the characteristic spectroscopic peak locations of typical iron (oxyhydr)oxides are also systematically summarized. In view of the complexity and variety of ZVI system, this review further addresses that different characterization methods should be employed together for better assessing the performance and mechanisms of ZVI-involved systems and thereby facilitating the deployment of ZVI-based installations in real practice.
恰当地选择零价铁 (ZVI) 反应体系的特性化方法有利于其在水处理和修复中的应用。因此，本文综述了实验室和现场研究中可用的 ZVI 特性化技术，以阐明 ZVI 体系的特征性质、（原位）腐蚀过程和腐蚀产物。这些方法通常分为四大类：形态特征技术、（亚）表面和体相分析主要通过光谱协议，以及（物理）电化学替代方法。此外，本文还从多个角度对 ZVI 特性化方法的范围和应用进行了批判性评价，包括其适用场合、可用性、（半）定量/定性评价、内/外反应信息、优点、局限性和挑战，以及经济和技术说明。特别是，还系统总结了典型铁（氧）氢氧化物的特征光谱峰位置。鉴于 ZVI 体系的复杂性和多样性，本文进一步指出，应结合使用不同的特性化方法来更好地评估 ZVI 参与体系的性能和机制，从而促进基于 ZVI 的装置在实际实践中的部署。
