Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA,
J Innate Immun. 2019;11(3):280-288. doi: 10.1159/000492680. Epub 2018 Oct 22.
Biofilms are bacterial communities contained within an extracellular matrix, which can colonize both native tissues and artificial surfaces. In particular, indwelling medical devices and prosthetic implants are targets for biofilm formation because they facilitate bacterial attachment via host proteins that coat the foreign body. Biofilm infections are particularly challenging to treat, since they are not readily cleared by antibiotics, require invasive procedures to eradicate, and are prone to recurrence. It has been demonstrated that biofilm-derived products can actively suppress proinflammatory immune responses, as evident by the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and macrophage (MФ) polarization towards an anti-inflammatory state. Recent studies have shown that alterations in leukocyte metabolism shape their inflammatory phenotype and function. For example, anti-inflammatory MФs are biased towards oxidative phosphorylation whereas proinflammatory MФs favor aerobic glycolysis. This review will compare the immune responses elicited by planktonic and biofilm bacterial infections, with a discussion on the metabolic properties of MФs and neutrophils in response to both bacterial growth conditions.
生物膜是包含在细胞外基质中的细菌群落，它可以定植于天然组织和人工表面。特别是，留置的医疗设备和假体植入物是生物膜形成的目标，因为它们通过覆盖异物的宿主蛋白促进细菌附着。生物膜感染特别难以治疗，因为它们不易被抗生素清除，需要侵入性程序来根除，并且容易复发。已经证明，生物膜衍生的产物可以积极抑制促炎免疫反应，这可以通过髓样来源的抑制细胞的募集和巨噬细胞（MФ）向抗炎状态的极化来证明。最近的研究表明，白细胞代谢的改变塑造了它们的炎症表型和功能。例如，抗炎性 MФ 偏向于氧化磷酸化，而促炎性 MФ 则有利于有氧糖酵解。这篇综述将比较浮游和生物膜细菌感染引起的免疫反应，并讨论巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞对这两种细菌生长条件的代谢特性。
