Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Mol Med. 2022 Jan 29;28(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s10020-022-00435-2.
Biofilm is a community of bacteria embedded in an extracellular matrix, which can colonize different human cells and tissues and subvert the host immune reactions by preventing immune detection and polarizing the immune reactions towards an anti-inflammatory state, promoting the persistence of biofilm-embedded bacteria in the host.
It is now well established that the function of immune cells is ultimately mediated by cellular metabolism. The immune cells are stimulated to regulate their immune functions upon sensing danger signals. Recent studies have determined that immune cells often display distinct metabolic alterations that impair their immune responses when triggered. Such metabolic reprogramming and its physiological implications are well established in cancer situations. In bacterial infections, immuno-metabolic evaluations have primarily focused on macrophages and neutrophils in the planktonic growth mode.
Based on differences in inflammatory reactions of macrophages and neutrophils in planktonic- versus biofilm-associated bacterial infections, studies must also consider the metabolic functions of immune cells against biofilm infections. The profound characterization of the metabolic and immune cell reactions could offer exciting novel targets for antibiofilm therapy.
生物膜是由嵌入细胞外基质中的细菌群落组成的，它可以定植于不同的人体细胞和组织中，并通过阻止免疫检测和将免疫反应极化到抗炎状态来颠覆宿主的免疫反应，从而促进生物膜内细菌在宿主体内的持续存在。
正 文：现在已经明确，免疫细胞的功能最终是由细胞代谢介导的。免疫细胞在感知危险信号时被刺激以调节其免疫功能。最近的研究已经确定，当被触发时，免疫细胞经常表现出明显的代谢改变，从而损害它们的免疫反应。这种代谢重编程及其生理意义在癌症情况下已得到很好的证实。在细菌感染中，免疫代谢评估主要集中在浮游生长模式下的巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞上。
结 论：基于浮游生长和生物膜相关细菌感染中巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞炎症反应的差异，研究还必须考虑针对生物膜感染的免疫细胞代谢功能。对代谢和免疫细胞反应的深入描述可能为抗生物膜治疗提供令人兴奋的新靶点。
