Gruszecka Jolanta, Filip Rafał
Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2025 Mar 16;61(3):512. doi: 10.3390/medicina61030512.
A biofilm is a community of microbial cells which are enclosed in an external matrix and separated by a network of water channels attached to natural or artificial surfaces. Biofilms formed inside biliary stents consist of a mixed spectrum of bacterial communities, most of which usually originate from the intestines. The patency of biliary stents is the most important problem. Stent occlusion can threaten the health and even life of patients. The main cause of this phenomenon is bile sludge, which is an excellent environment for the multiplication and existence of microorganisms. Due to the great clinical importance of maintaining the patency of biliary stents, several methods have been developed to prevent the accumulation of sludge and the subsequent formation of biofilm; these include, among others, the use of anti-adhesive materials, coating the inner surface of stents with metal cations (silver, copper) or other antimicrobial substances, the implementation of biodegradable drug-eluting biliary stents and the development of a new stent design with an anti-reflux effect. This article presents the latest information on the formation of biofilms in biliary stents, as well as historical and future methods of prevention.
生物膜是由微生物细胞组成的群落，这些细胞被包裹在外部基质中，并由附着在天然或人工表面的水通道网络分隔开来。在胆管支架内形成的生物膜由多种细菌群落组成，其中大多数通常起源于肠道。胆管支架的通畅性是最重要的问题。支架阻塞会威胁患者的健康甚至生命。这种现象的主要原因是胆泥，它是微生物繁殖和生存的理想环境。由于维持胆管支架通畅性具有重大临床意义，已开发出多种方法来防止胆泥积聚及随后生物膜的形成；其中包括使用抗粘附材料、用金属阳离子（银、铜）或其他抗菌物质涂覆支架内表面、实施可生物降解药物洗脱胆管支架以及开发具有抗反流作用的新型支架设计。本文介绍了胆管支架中生物膜形成的最新信息，以及预防的历史和未来方法。
