Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
SeroScience Ltd, Budapest, Hungary.
Nat Nanotechnol. 2018 Dec;13(12):1100-1108. doi: 10.1038/s41565-018-0273-1. Epub 2018 Oct 22.
Infusion reactions (IRs) are complex, immune-mediated side effects that mainly occur within minutes to hours of receiving a therapeutic dose of intravenously administered pharmaceutical products. These products are diverse and include both traditional pharmaceuticals (for example biological agents and small molecules) and new ones (for example nanotechnology-based products). Although IRs are not unique to nanomedicines, they represent a hurdle for the translation of nanotechnology-based drug products. This Perspective offers a big picture of the pharmaceutical field and examines current understanding of mechanisms responsible for IRs to nanomedicines. We outline outstanding questions, review currently available experimental evidence to provide some answers and highlight the gaps. We review advantages and limitations of the in vitro tests and animal models used for studying IRs to nanomedicines. Finally, we propose a roadmap to improve current understanding, and we recommend a strategy for overcoming the problem.
输注反应（IRs）是一种复杂的免疫介导的副作用，主要发生在接受静脉内给予的治疗剂量的药物产品后的几分钟到几小时内。这些产品种类繁多，包括传统药物（例如生物制剂和小分子）和新型药物（例如基于纳米技术的产品）。虽然 IRs 并非纳米药物所特有，但它们代表了将基于纳米技术的药物产品转化为临床应用的一个障碍。本观点提供了药物领域的全景图，并考察了目前对导致纳米药物 IRs 的机制的理解。我们概述了悬而未决的问题，回顾了目前可用的实验证据以提供一些答案，并强调了差距。我们审查了用于研究纳米药物 IRs 的体外试验和动物模型的优缺点。最后，我们提出了改善当前认识的路线图，并建议了克服该问题的策略。
