Setou Noriko, Fukumori Takaki, Nakao Kazuhisa, Maeda Masaharu
1Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan.
2Tokushima University, 1-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8502 Japan.
Biopsychosoc Med. 2018 Oct 12;12:14. doi: 10.1186/s13030-018-0133-0. eCollection 2018.
After the Great East Japan Earthquake (March 11, 2011), the fatigue of relief workers became a major problem in affected areas. In the present study, we conducted a questionnaire survey 2.5 years post-disaster identifying factors related to the fatigue of relief workers.
This survey was cross-sectional and participants ( = 119) were relief workers living in affected areas. We used a self-administered questionnaire which included participants' current problems, sources of strong feeling of loss, psychological distress and compassion fatigue. Based on answers (Yes/No) to the fatigue item, we created 2 groups; a Fatigue-group and a Non-fatigue group. We employed bivariate analysis on items with significant differences between the two groups and entered them into a multivariable logistic regression model.
Fifty-seven (48%) reported that they were "very tired" and were assigned to the Fatigue group. The total score of the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and each subscale score (burnout, secondary trauma, and compassion satisfaction) of the Professional Quality of Life measure (Pro-QOL) in the Fatigue group were significantly higher than those in the Non-fatigue group. There were significant differences between the two groups for 11 items relating to current problems and sources of strong feelings of loss, and the following items were extracted as factors related to the fatigue of relief workers: loss of trust in others (adjusted OR, 10.03: 95%CI, 2.30-43.79), no confidence to continue work (adjusted OR, 6.27: 95%CI, 1.72-22.83), loss of important person(s) (adjusted OR, 5.58: 95%CI, 2.05-15.19), and sleep disturbance (adjusted OR, 5.14: 95%CI, 1.93-13.67).
Many relief workers who reported fatigue had experienced various losses and current problems. Adequate consideration and care systems for local relief workers with fatigue should be given for a long-period after a disaster and it is important for the workers themselves to continue accepting support from others and maintaining self-care habits.
在东日本大地震（2011年3月11日）之后，救援人员的疲劳成为受灾地区的一个主要问题。在本研究中，我们在灾后2.5年进行了一项问卷调查，以确定与救援人员疲劳相关的因素。
本调查为横断面研究，参与者（n = 119）为居住在受灾地区的救援人员。我们使用了一份自填式问卷，其中包括参与者当前的问题、强烈失落感的来源、心理困扰和同情疲劳。根据对疲劳项目的回答（是/否），我们创建了两组；疲劳组和非疲劳组。我们对两组之间有显著差异的项目进行了双变量分析，并将其纳入多变量逻辑回归模型。
57人（48%）报告称他们“非常疲惫”，被归入疲劳组。疲劳组的6项凯斯勒心理困扰量表（K6）总分以及生活质量专业量表（Pro-QOL）的每个子量表得分（倦怠、二次创伤和同情满意度）均显著高于非疲劳组。在与当前问题和强烈失落感来源相关的11个项目上，两组之间存在显著差异，以下项目被提取为与救援人员疲劳相关的因素：对他人失去信任（调整后的比值比，10.03：95%置信区间，2.30 - 43.79）、对继续工作没有信心（调整后的比值比，6.27：95%置信区间，1.72 - 22.83）、失去重要的人（调整后的比值比，5.58：95%置信区间，2.05 - 15.19）以及睡眠障碍（调整后的比值比，5.14：95%置信区间, 1.93 - 13.67）。
许多报告有疲劳感的救援人员经历了各种损失和当前问题。对于灾后长期存在疲劳的当地救援人员，应给予充分的考虑和关怀系统，并且对救援人员自身而言，持续接受他人的支持并保持自我护理习惯非常重要。
