2008 年至 2016 年期间美国有严重心理困扰人群的戒烟率：吸烟方面的心理健康差距是否在扩大？
Cigarette Smoking Quit Rates Among Persons With Serious Psychological Distress in the United States From 2008 to 2016: Are Mental Health Disparities in Cigarette Use Increasing?
机构信息
Department of Psychological Science, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.
Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.
出版信息
Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 Jan 27;22(1):130-134. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty227.
INTRODUCTION
Prior work suggests that the prevalence of cigarette smoking is persistently higher among people with mental health problems, relative to those without. Lower quit rates are one factor that could contribute to higher prevalence of smoking in this group. This study estimated trends in the cigarette quit rates among people with and without past-month serious psychological distress (SPD) from 2008 to 2016 in the United States.
METHODS
Data were drawn from 91 739 adult participants in the 2008-2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a repeated, cross-sectional, national survey. Linear time trends of cigarette quit rates, stratified by past-month SPD, were assessed using logistic regression models with continuous year as the predictor.
RESULTS
Cigarette quit rates among individuals with past-month SPD were lower than among those without SPD every year from 2008 to 2016. Quit rates did not change appreciably among those with past-month SPD (odds ratio = 1.02 [0.99, 1.06]) from 2008 to 2016, whereas quit rates increased among those without past-month SPD (odds ratio = 1.02 [1.01, 1.02]).
CONCLUSIONS
In the United States, quit rates among individuals with past-month SPD are approximately half than quit rates of those without SPD and have not increased over the past decade. This discrepancy in quit rates may be one factor driving increasing disparities in prevalence of smoking among those with versus without mental health problems. Tobacco control efforts require effective and targeted interventions for those with mental health problems.
IMPLICATIONS
Cigarette smoking quit rates have not increased among persons with serious mental health problems over the past decade. This work extends prior findings showing that smoking prevalence is not declining as quickly among persons with serious mental health problems. Findings suggest that diverging trends in quit rates are one possible driver of the persistent disparity in smoking by mental health status. Innovation in both tobacco control and targeted interventions for smokers with mental health problems is urgently needed.
简介
先前的研究表明，与没有心理健康问题的人相比，患有心理健康问题的人吸烟的比例持续更高。较低的戒烟率是导致该人群吸烟比例较高的一个因素。本研究在美国，估计了 2008 年至 2016 年间过去一个月有严重心理困扰（SPD）和没有 SPD 的人群的香烟戒烟率趋势。
方法
数据来自 2008-2016 年全国药物使用与健康调查的 91739 名成年参与者，这是一项重复的、横断面的、全国性调查。使用连续年份作为预测因子的逻辑回归模型评估过去一个月 SPD 分层的香烟戒烟率的线性时间趋势。
结果
从 2008 年到 2016 年，患有过去一个月 SPD 的个体的戒烟率每年都低于没有 SPD 的个体。从 2008 年到 2016 年，患有过去一个月 SPD 的个体的戒烟率没有明显变化（比值比=1.02[0.99，1.06]），而没有过去一个月 SPD 的个体的戒烟率有所增加（比值比=1.02[1.01，1.02]）。
结论
在美国，过去一个月患有 SPD 的个体的戒烟率约为没有 SPD 的个体的一半，而且在过去十年中没有增加。这种戒烟率的差异可能是导致心理健康问题患者与非心理健康问题患者吸烟率差异不断扩大的一个因素。烟草控制工作需要为有心理健康问题的人提供有效和有针对性的干预措施。
意义
在过去的十年中，患有严重心理健康问题的人戒烟率没有增加。这项工作扩展了先前的研究结果，即严重心理健康问题患者的吸烟率并没有像预期的那样迅速下降。研究结果表明，戒烟率的不同趋势可能是心理健康状况导致吸烟率持续存在差异的一个潜在因素。迫切需要在烟草控制和针对有心理健康问题的吸烟者的有针对性干预措施方面进行创新。
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