Shlyapnikov D M, Shur P Z, Alekseev V B
Med Tr Prom Ekol. 2016(12):30-34.
The authors defined occupational risk level and relations of health disorders in workers engaged into processing of titanium-containing and rare-elements materials with forecasting risk changes in accordance with length of service and its realization evaluation. Work conditions are characterized by exposure to chemicals (sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, chlorine and hydrochloride, vanadium compounds), noise, general vibration, heating, work hardiness - and are evaluated as hazardous, jeopardy degree 3 and 4. Results of a priori assessment of occupational risk define it as high. Modelling of health risk evolution outlines that after 15 years of service (by 35 years of age) the share of cardiovascular disease will approach 65% in total workers' health risk. Prevalence of arterial hypertension in the studied group by 15 years of service equals 44,5% (p = 0,04), in the reference group no reliable prevalence of arterial hypertension with length of service was seen. Realization of health risk due to chemicals manifested with higher prevalence of upper respiratory tract diseases that were significantly more frequent (p = 0,037) among the studied group (62,23%), than in the reference group (38,30%). The authors determined length of service criteria and health disorders, that outline priority contribution into the health risk, to specify a system of preventive measures for risk minimization.
作者根据服务年限及其实现情况评估，定义了从事含钛和稀有元素材料加工的工人的职业风险水平以及健康障碍的关系，并预测风险变化。工作条件的特点是接触化学物质（二氧化硫、氮氧化物、氯和盐酸盐、钒化合物）、噪音、全身振动、高温、工作强度大，被评估为危险，危险程度为3级和4级。职业风险的先验评估结果将其定义为高风险。健康风险演变模型表明，工作15年后（到35岁时），心血管疾病在工人总健康风险中的占比将接近65%。研究组工作15年时动脉高血压的患病率为44.5%（p = 0.04），在对照组中未观察到动脉高血压患病率随服务年限有可靠变化。化学物质导致的健康风险表现为上呼吸道疾病患病率较高，研究组（62.23%）明显高于对照组（38.30%）（p = 0.037）。作者确定了服务年限标准和健康障碍，这些标准和障碍概述了对健康风险的优先影响，以明确一套将风险降至最低的预防措施体系。
