Histaminergic neuromodulation of the release of vasopressin.

In an attempt to clarify the nature of histaminergic neuromodulation of the vasopressinergic system, several studies under different experimental paradigms were carried out. L-Histidine loads (8 mmol/kg, i.p.) induced a marked increase in histamine (HA) in the anterior (AHR) and posterior (PHR) hypothalamic regions, the median eminence (ME) and adenohypophysis (Ah) with no apparent effect on the concentration of HA in the neurohypophysis (Nh), as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. These findings correlated with decreases in vasopressin (VP) levels in the AHR and ME, accompanied by increases of the neuropeptide in the PHR and Ah. Intraperitoneal injections of HA (6 mumol/kg), resulted in a significant (p less than 0.005) rise in VP levels in the PHR, ME and Ah. HA induced an elevation of VP in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) from 6.23 +/- 2.02 to 43 +/- 4.05 microU/mg, as well as a 60% reduction in neurohypophyseal VP. These HA-induced VP responses were abolished by both mepyramine (3 mumol/kg) and famotidine (4 mumol/kg) in the PHR and PFC. Mepyramine suppressed the HA-induced VP response in the Ah and enhanced it in the Nh, while famotidine did the opposite. When alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (FMH), an irreversible inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, was administered at doses of 100 mg/kg/day (i.p.), hypothalamic HA levels fell by 40-45% after 1 h, by 50% after 3 h, and by 65-80% after 24 h in adrenalectomized rats. In the same conditions, but after a week of treatment with FMH, the VP response to adrenalectomy was clearly impaired.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)