Henderly D E, Freeman W R, Causey D M, Rao N A
Ophthalmology. 1987 Apr;94(4):425-34. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(87)33454-2.
A 15-month prospective study of 109 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) was conducted. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis developed in 18 of these patients; they were treated with ganciclovir. Five other patients with CMV retinitis who were not part of the prospective study were also treated with ganciclovir. CMV retinitis frequently involved the peripheral retina. All 23 patients treated with ganciclovir showed clinical regression of retinitis, although breakthrough recurrence of CMV retinitis occurred in seven patients (30.4%) while on maintenance therapy with ganciclovir. During treatment, neutropenia (less than 1000 leukocytes/mm3) developed in three patients (13%). Ganciclovir is an effective means of therapy for CMV retinitis, but it must be given chronically to prevent reactivation. Breakthrough recurrences while on maintenance therapy are not uncommon, but can be successfully treated with more aggressive treatment with ganciclovir. In addition, the prognosis for survival of AIDS patients being treated with ganciclovir is improved when compared with that of untreated patients.
对109例获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）或AIDS相关综合征（ARC）患者进行了为期15个月的前瞻性研究。这些患者中有18例发生了巨细胞病毒（CMV）视网膜炎；他们接受了更昔洛韦治疗。另外5例未参与前瞻性研究的CMV视网膜炎患者也接受了更昔洛韦治疗。CMV视网膜炎常累及周边视网膜。所有23例接受更昔洛韦治疗的患者视网膜炎均有临床缓解，尽管在接受更昔洛韦维持治疗期间，7例患者（30.4%）出现了CMV视网膜炎突破性复发。治疗期间，3例患者（13%）出现了中性粒细胞减少（白细胞计数低于1000/mm³）。更昔洛韦是治疗CMV视网膜炎的有效方法，但必须长期给药以防止复发。维持治疗期间出现突破性复发并不罕见，但加大更昔洛韦治疗力度可成功治疗。此外，与未接受治疗的患者相比，接受更昔洛韦治疗的AIDS患者的生存预后有所改善。
