Cooksey C J
a Independent Scholar , Watford , UK.
Biotech Histochem. 2019 Feb;94(2):100-107. doi: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1511065. Epub 2018 Oct 24.
Three groups of insect dyes are described: three cochineal dyes, the kermes dye and the lac dye. The major color components are carminic acid, kermesic acid and laccaic acids, respectively. These dyes are red anthraquinone derivatives. The chemical structures are described. All of these dyes have extensive histories that are related briefly; however, only American cochineal is of commercial importance today. Two manufactured derivatives of cochineal, carmine and acid-stable carmine (4-aminocarminic acid) are described in some detail including the chemical identity, toxicity, stability, and staining and non-staining applications.
三种胭脂虫染料、紫胶虫染料和虫漆染料。其主要颜色成分分别为胭脂红酸、紫胶酸和虫漆酸。这些染料均为红色蒽醌衍生物，并对其化学结构进行了描述。所有这些染料都有着悠久的历史，在此作简要介绍；然而，如今只有美国胭脂虫具有商业重要性。文中还较为详细地描述了胭脂虫的两种人工衍生物——胭脂红和酸稳定型胭脂红（4-氨基胭脂红酸），包括其化学特性、毒性、稳定性以及染色和非染色用途。
