a Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ''La Mayora'' - Departamento de Microbiología , Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2018 Nov;44(6):653-666. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2018.1491527. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
Intense research has confirmed the formerly theoretical distribution of amyloids in nature, and studies on different systems have illustrated the role of these proteins in microbial adaptation and in interactions with the environment. Two lines of research are expanding our knowledge on functional amyloids: (i) structural studies providing insights into the molecular machineries responsible for the transition from monomer to fibers and (ii) studies showing the way in which these proteins might participate in the microbial fitness in natural settings. Much is known about how amyloids play a role in the social behavior of bacteria, or biofilm formation, and in the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces; however, we are still in the initial stages of understanding a complementary involvement of amyloids in bacteria-host interactions. This review will cover the following two topics: first, the key aspects of the microbial platforms dedicated to the assembly of the fibers, and second, the mechanisms by which bacteria utilize the morphological and biochemical variability of amyloids to modulate the immunological response of the host, plants and humans, contributing to (i) infection, in the case of pathogenic bacteria or (ii) promotion of the health of the host, in the case of beneficial bacteria.
深入的研究证实了淀粉样蛋白在自然界中曾经理论上的分布，对不同系统的研究说明了这些蛋白质在微生物适应和与环境相互作用中的作用。两条研究线索扩展了我们对功能性淀粉样蛋白的认识：（i）结构研究深入了解了负责从单体到纤维转变的分子机制，（ii）研究表明这些蛋白质可能参与微生物在自然环境中的适应性。我们已经了解了淀粉样蛋白在细菌的社会行为（如生物膜形成和细菌对表面的黏附）中所扮演的角色，但我们仍处于初步理解淀粉样蛋白在细菌-宿主相互作用中互补作用的阶段。这篇综述将涵盖以下两个主题：首先，介绍专门用于纤维组装的微生物平台的关键方面，其次，细菌利用淀粉样蛋白的形态和生化可变性来调节宿主、植物和人类免疫反应的机制，有助于（i）在致病菌的情况下引发感染，或（ii）在有益菌的情况下促进宿主的健康。
