Department of Medicine and Department of Policy and Management, Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University.
Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2018 Nov 1;22(11):1249-1257. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0239.
An historical account of the modern theory of tuberculosis (TB) using a culturomic analysis has not been studied.
To analyze, using culturomic methods, the history of our modern understanding of TB as a unitary disease.
A culturomic analysis of millions of digitized texts was undertaken to quantify 200-year trends in usage of the modern term and pre-modern terms , , and , and to correlate these trends with significant historical events.
Our understanding of TB originated with Laënnec in Paris, who proposed that the seemingly disparate wasting conditions , , and were each related to the same post-mortem anatomical sign: the tubercle. The term was coined by Schonlein in 1829, but the term's usage remained uncommon until Villemin's 1865 discovery that TB was a communicable disease, Koch's 1882 discovery of , and Pasteur's 1884 discovery of a vaccine against another communicable disease, smallpox.
Our modern understanding of TB as a unitary disease was embraced slowly. Acceptance required new terminology describing the idea, scientific confirmation that TB is an infectious disease, and evidence suggesting that it might be prevented. An innovative idea is not enough to induce widespread acceptance. The study illustrates how culturomic methods can be used to study the adoption and diffusion of an innovation, in this case the modern theory of TB.
使用文化组学分析对现代结核病（TB）理论的历史进行研究尚未开展。
使用文化组学方法分析我们对作为单一疾病的现代 TB 认识的历史。
对数百万个数字化文本进行了文化组学分析，以量化现代术语 和前现代术语 、 、 和 近 200 年来的使用趋势，并将这些趋势与重大历史事件相关联。
我们对 TB 的认识起源于巴黎的 Laënnec，他提出看似不同的消耗性疾病 、 、 和 都与相同的死后解剖标志：结核有关。术语 是由 Schonlein 在 1829 年创造的，但直到 1865 年 Villemin 发现 TB 是一种传染病，Koch 在 1882 年发现 ，以及 Pasteur 在 1884 年发现针对另一种传染病天花的疫苗后，该术语的使用才变得不那么常见。
我们对 TB 作为一种单一疾病的现代认识是缓慢接受的。接受需要新的术语来描述这一概念，需要科学证实 TB 是一种传染病，并且需要有证据表明它可能是可以预防的。一个创新的想法不足以引起广泛的认可。本研究说明了文化组学方法如何用于研究创新的采用和传播，在这种情况下，是现代 TB 理论。
