Tite Teddy, Popa Adrian-Claudiu, Balescu Liliana Marinela, Bogdan Iuliana Maria, Pasuk Iuliana, Ferreira José M F, Stan George E
National Institute of Materials Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania.
Army Centre for Medical Research, RO-010195 Bucharest, Romania.
Materials (Basel). 2018 Oct 24;11(11):2081. doi: 10.3390/ma11112081.
High-performance bioceramics are required for preventing failure and prolonging the life-time of bone grafting scaffolds and osseous implants. The proper identification and development of materials with extended functionalities addressing socio-economic needs and health problems constitute important and critical steps at the heart of clinical research. Recent findings in the realm of ion-substituted hydroxyapatite (HA) could pave the road towards significant developments in biomedicine, with an emphasis on a new generation of orthopaedic and dentistry applications, since such bioceramics are able to mimic the structural, compositional and mechanical properties of the bone mineral phase. In fact, the fascinating ability of the HA crystalline lattice to allow for the substitution of calcium ions with a plethora of cationic species has been widely explored in the recent period, with consequent modifications of its physical and chemical features, as well as its functional mechanical and in vitro and in vivo biological performance. A comprehensive inventory of the progresses achieved so far is both opportune and of paramount importance, in order to not only gather and summarize information, but to also allow fellow researchers to compare with ease and filter the best solutions for the cation substitution of HA-based materials and enable the development of multi-functional biomedical designs. The review surveys preparation and synthesis methods, pinpoints all the explored cation dopants, and discloses the full application range of substituted HA. Special attention is dedicated to the antimicrobial efficiency spectrum and cytotoxic trade-off concentration values for various cell lines, highlighting new prophylactic routes for the prevention of implant failure. Importantly, the current in vitro biological tests (widely employed to unveil the biological performance of HA-based materials), and their ability to mimic the in vivo biological interactions, are also critically assessed. Future perspectives are discussed, and a series of recommendations are underlined.
为防止骨移植支架和骨植入物失效并延长其使用寿命，需要高性能生物陶瓷。正确识别和开发具有扩展功能以满足社会经济需求和健康问题的材料，是临床研究核心的重要且关键的步骤。离子取代羟基磷灰石（HA）领域的最新发现可能为生物医学的重大发展铺平道路，重点是新一代骨科和牙科应用，因为此类生物陶瓷能够模拟骨矿物相的结构、成分和力学性能。事实上，近年来人们广泛探索了HA晶格允许大量阳离子物种取代钙离子的迷人能力，其物理和化学特性、功能力学以及体外和体内生物学性能也随之发生了改变。全面梳理迄今为止取得的进展既适时又至关重要，这不仅是为了收集和总结信息，也是为了让研究人员能够轻松比较并筛选出基于HA材料阳离子取代的最佳解决方案，从而推动多功能生物医学设计的发展。该综述调查了制备和合成方法，指出了所有已探索的阳离子掺杂剂，并揭示了取代HA的全部应用范围。特别关注各种细胞系的抗菌效率谱和细胞毒性权衡浓度值，突出预防植入物失效的新预防途径。重要的是，还对当前用于揭示基于HA材料生物学性能的体外生物学测试及其模拟体内生物学相互作用的能力进行了批判性评估。讨论了未来展望，并强调了一系列建议。
