Balas Mihaela, Badea Madalina Andreea, Ciobanu Steluta Carmen, Piciu Florentina, Iconaru Simona Liliana, Dinischiotu Anca, Predoi Daniela
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
National Institute of Materials Physics, No. 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2024 May 22;9(6):309. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics9060309.
In this study, we report on the development of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and samarium-doped hydroxyapatite (SmHAp) nanoparticles using a cost-effective method and their biological effects on a bone-derived cell line MC3T3-E1. The physicochemical and biological features of HAp and SmHAp nanoparticles are explored. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that no additional peaks were observed after the integration of samarium (Sm) ions into the HAp structure. Valuable information regarding the molecular structure and morphological features of nanoparticles were obtained by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The elemental composition obtained by using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of the HAp constituent elements, Ca, O, and P, as well as the presence and uniform distribution of Sm ions. Both HAp and SmHAp nanoparticles demonstrated biocompatibility at concentrations below 25 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL, respectively, for up to 72 h of exposure. Cell membrane integrity was preserved following treatment with concentrations up to 100 μg/mL HAp and 400 μg/mL SmHAp, confirming the role of Sm ions in enhancing the cytocompatibility of HAp. Furthermore, our findings reveal a positive, albeit limited, effect of SmHAp nanoparticles on the actin dynamics, osteogenesis, and cell migration compared to HAp nanoparticles. Importantly, the biological results highlight the potential role of Sm ions in maintaining cellular balance by mitigating disruptions in Ca homeostasis induced by HAp nanoparticles. Therefore, our study represents a significant contribution to the safety assessment of both HAp and SmHAp nanoparticles for biomedical applications focused on bone regeneration.
在本研究中，我们报告了使用一种经济高效的方法制备羟基磷灰石（HAp）和钐掺杂羟基磷灰石（SmHAp）纳米颗粒及其对骨源细胞系MC3T3-E1的生物学效应。我们探索了HAp和SmHAp纳米颗粒的物理化学和生物学特性。X射线衍射（XRD）研究表明，将钐（Sm）离子整合到HAp结构中后未观察到额外的峰。通过使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS），获得了有关纳米颗粒分子结构和形态特征的有价值信息。使用能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）获得的元素组成证实了HAp组成元素钙（Ca）、氧（O）和磷（P）的存在，以及Sm离子的存在和均匀分布。HAp和SmHAp纳米颗粒在分别低于25μg/mL和50μg/mL的浓度下暴露长达72小时时均表现出生物相容性。用高达100μg/mL的HAp和400μg/mL的SmHAp处理后，细胞膜完整性得以保留，证实了Sm离子在增强HAp细胞相容性方面的作用。此外，我们的研究结果表明，与HAp纳米颗粒相比，SmHAp纳米颗粒对肌动蛋白动力学、成骨作用和细胞迁移具有积极但有限的影响。重要的是，生物学结果突出了Sm离子通过减轻HAp纳米颗粒诱导的钙稳态破坏来维持细胞平衡的潜在作用。因此，我们的研究为专注于骨再生的生物医学应用中HAp和SmHAp纳米颗粒的安全性评估做出了重大贡献。
