Department of Neurosciences, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Department of Medicine DIMED, Operative Unit of Rheumatology, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
J Immunol Res. 2018 Sep 26;2018:5072582. doi: 10.1155/2018/5072582. eCollection 2018.
The prevalence of autoimmune diseases has been increasing over the last 20 years. The clinical presentation of this large and heterogeneous group of disorders depends on whether the involvement is organ-specific or non-organ-specific. Dizziness, vertigo, and disequilibrium are common symptoms reported by patients with vestibulocochlear involvement. The association of vertigo and autoimmune diseases has been largely documented, suggesting that autoimmune disorders could be overrepresented in patients with vertigo in comparison to the general population. The aim of this review is to present the recent literature findings in the field of autoimmune-mediated diseases with cochleovestibular involvement, focusing on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of immune-mediated inner ear diseases including autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED), Meniere's disease, and bilateral vestibulopathy, as well as of systemic autoimmune diseases with audiovestibular disorders, namely, Behçet's disease, Cogan's syndrome, sarcoidosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, IgG4-related disease, and ANCA-associated vasculitides.
过去 20 年来，自身免疫性疾病的发病率一直在上升。这一大组异质疾病的临床表现取决于受累器官是否为特定器官或非特定器官。眩晕、头晕和平衡障碍是前庭耳蜗受累患者常报告的症状。眩晕与自身免疫性疾病的关联已被大量记录在案，这表明与一般人群相比，自身免疫性疾病在眩晕患者中可能更为常见。本综述的目的是介绍与耳蜗前庭受累相关的自身免疫性疾病领域的最新文献研究结果，重点关注免疫介导的内耳疾病的临床表现、诊断和治疗，包括自身免疫性内耳疾病（AIED）、梅尼埃病和双侧前庭病，以及伴有听觉-前庭障碍的系统性自身免疫性疾病，即贝切特病、Cogan 综合征、结节病、自身免疫性甲状腺疾病、Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada 综合征、复发性多软骨炎、系统性红斑狼疮、抗磷脂综合征、IgG4 相关疾病和 ANCA 相关血管炎。
