Miller Sally, Taylor-Piliae Ruth E
School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
College of Nursing, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
J Sport Health Sci. 2018 Jan;7(1):83-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.01.013. Epub 2017 Jan 27.
Age-related cognitive and physical decline can impair safe driving performance. Tai Chi exercise benefits cognitive and physical function and may influence safe driving performance in older adults. The primary aim of this observational study was to compare cognitive processes and physical function related to safe driving performance among older adult Tai Chi practitioners to normative reference values. Secondary aims were to examine relationships between Tai Chi exercise habits, cognitive processes, and physical function related to safe driving performance and to explore potential predictors of safe driving performance.
The DrivingHealth Inventory, the Driving Scenes Test, other driving-related cognitive and physical measures, and self-reported measures including the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Vitality Plus Scale (VPS) were collected from current Tai Chi practitioners ( = 58; age 72.9 ± 5.9 years, mean ± SD) with median >3 years Tai Chi practice.
Compared to normative reference values, participants performed better on numerous cognitive measures including the Driving Scenes Test (<0.001, = 1.63), maze navigation ( = 0.017, = 0.27), the Useful Field of View Test (<0.001, = 0.15), and on physical measures including the Rapid Walk Test (<0.001, = 0.20), and the Right Foot Tapping Test, (<0.001, = 0.35). Participants scored higher than normative reference values on MAAS and VPS (<0.001, 0.75; = 0.002, = 0.38, respectively). Statistically significant correlations were found between several study measures. The digit span backward test was the strongest predictor of safe driving performance ( = 0.34, = 0.009).
Tai Chi exercise has the potential to impact cognitive processes and physical function related to safe driving performance. Further study using randomized controlled trials, structured Tai Chi exercise doses, and driving simulator or on-road driving performance as outcome measures are warranted.
与年龄相关的认知和身体机能衰退会损害安全驾驶表现。太极拳运动有益于认知和身体机能，可能会影响老年人的安全驾驶表现。这项观察性研究的主要目的是将老年太极拳练习者中与安全驾驶表现相关的认知过程和身体机能与标准参考值进行比较。次要目的是研究太极拳运动习惯、认知过程以及与安全驾驶表现相关的身体机能之间的关系，并探索安全驾驶表现的潜在预测因素。
从目前的太极拳练习者（n = 58；年龄72.9±5.9岁，均值±标准差）中收集驾驶健康量表、驾驶场景测试、其他与驾驶相关的认知和身体测量指标，以及自我报告的测量指标，包括正念注意觉知量表（MAAS）和活力增强量表（VPS），这些练习者太极拳练习时间中位数>3年。
与标准参考值相比，参与者在多项认知测量指标上表现更好，包括驾驶场景测试（P<0.001，d = 1.63）、迷宫导航（P = 0.017，d = 0.27）、有用视野测试（P<0.001，d = 0.15），以及在身体测量指标上，包括快走测试（P<0.001，d = 0.20）和右脚敲击测试（P<0.001，d = 0.35）。参与者在MAAS和VPS上的得分高于标准参考值（分别为P<0.001，d = 0.75；P = 0.002，d = 0.38）。在多项研究测量指标之间发现了具有统计学意义的相关性。数字广度倒背测试是安全驾驶表现的最强预测因素（P = 0.009，β = 0.34）。
太极拳运动有可能影响与安全驾驶表现相关的认知过程和身体机能。有必要进一步开展随机对照试验研究，采用结构化的太极拳运动剂量，并将驾驶模拟器或道路驾驶表现作为结果测量指标。
Zotero 插件