a Derner School of Psychology , Adelphi University.
J Pers Assess. 2019 Jul-Aug;101(4):360-366. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2018.1501696. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
In recent years the limitations of traditional categorical frameworks for conceptualizing and diagnosing psychopathology have become increasingly clear, prompting the development of dimensional models wherein psychological dysfunction is assessed on a series of continua. Two frameworks have been particularly influential: the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) outlined in (American Psychiatric Association, 2013 ), and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP; Kotov et al., 2017 ). Widiger et al.'s timely and insightful review addresses two key questions regarding AMPD and HiTOP: Do deficits in self- and interpersonal functioning (AMPD Criterion A) have incremental validity over maladaptive traits (Criterion B), and if so, should Criterion A be included in HiTOP? In this commentary I argue that to resolve these questions conclusively, studies of factor structure and construct covariation must be complemented by investigations that address three issues: (a) Are there identifiable causal links between Criterion A impairments and Criterion B traits; (b) Do salient life events, therapeutic interventions, and experimental manipulations differentially affect Criterion A and Criterion B scores; and (c) Do Criterion A and Criterion B scores predict different outcomes in laboratory, clinical, and field settings?
近年来，传统的分类框架在概念化和诊断精神病理学方面的局限性变得越来越明显，促使人们开发出多维模型，在该模型中，心理功能障碍在一系列连续体上进行评估。有两个框架特别有影响力：（美国精神病学协会，2013 年）中概述的人格障碍替代模型（AMPD），以及（科托夫等人，2017 年）中的精神病理学分层分类法（HiTOP）。威德格等人的及时而有见地的评论针对 AMPD 和 HiTOP 提出了两个关键问题：自我和人际关系功能障碍（AMPD 标准 A）是否比适应不良特征（标准 B）具有增量有效性，如果是，标准 A 是否应包含在 HiTOP 中？在这篇评论中，我认为要明确解决这些问题，必须通过研究因素结构和结构协变来补充解决以下三个问题的研究：（a）标准 A 损伤与标准 B 特征之间是否存在可识别的因果关系；（b）突出的生活事件、治疗干预和实验操作是否会对标准 A 和标准 B 分数产生不同的影响；以及（c）标准 A 和标准 B 分数是否在实验室、临床和现场环境中预测不同的结果？
