Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 20;652:147-162. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.168. Epub 2018 Oct 13.
Climate change, rapid urbanization and inappropriate urban planning policies in many countries have resulted in urban water-related problems, such as flooding disasters, water pollution and water shortages. To tackle these issues, the specific urban water management strategy known as Sponge City has been implemented in China since 2013. This is a complex method and one involving many challenges. This paper critically assesses the approaches associated with conventional urban water management. The Sponge City concept and its adoption are then scrutinized to comprehensively assess the limitations and opportunities. It emerges that Sponge City has four main principles, these being: urban water resourcing, ecological water management, green infrastructures, and urban permeable pavement. The uncertainties in Sponge City design and planning, and financial insufficiencies are the most serious problems that can risk the failure of the Sponge City concept. While significant barriers exist, the opportunities for implementing a Sponge City are evident. To obtain multi-ecosystem services of Sponge City, it should be implemented at the watershed scales and be flexible, depending on different decision levels or catchment characteristics. It is essential to apply an intelligent decision-making mechanism and consider the need for close cooperation between various agencies with which the central government can work. A suitable sized and harmonious Sponge City, ensuring a good balance between socio-economic development and environmental conservation, is the ideal.
气候变化、许多国家的快速城市化和不当的城市规划政策导致了与城市水有关的问题，如洪灾、水污染和水资源短缺。为了解决这些问题，中国自 2013 年以来实施了具体的城市水管理策略，即“海绵城市”。这是一种复杂的方法，涉及许多挑战。本文批判性地评估了传统城市水管理相关的方法。然后仔细审查了海绵城市的概念及其采用情况，以全面评估其局限性和机遇。研究结果表明，海绵城市有四个主要原则，即城市水资源、生态水管理、绿色基础设施和城市透水铺装。海绵城市设计和规划的不确定性以及资金不足是最严重的问题，可能会导致海绵城市概念的失败。虽然存在重大障碍，但实施海绵城市的机会是明显的。为了获得海绵城市的多生态系统服务，应该在流域尺度上实施，并具有灵活性，根据不同的决策层次或集水区特征进行调整。应用智能决策机制并考虑各机构之间的密切合作是必要的，中央政府可以与这些机构合作。一个合适规模和和谐的海绵城市，确保社会经济发展和环境保护之间的良好平衡，是理想的。
