National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand.
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 31500, People's Republic of China.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2020 Apr 3;378(2168):20190222. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0222. Epub 2020 Feb 17.
'Sponge City' is the term used to describe the Chinese government's approach to urban surface water management. The concept was conceived in 2014 in response to an increasing incidence of urban flooding or water-logging in Chinese cities. While ambitious and far-reaching in its aim (of decreasing national flood risk, increasing water supply and improving water quality), the initiative must be implemented by individual subprovincial or municipal-level government entities. Thus, while the concept is similar to sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in the UK (or low-impact development (LID) in the USA), it is developing with different regional characteristics, and during continuing rapid urbanization. Indeed, the increasing use of national rather than international examples of best practice reflects a growing body of knowledge that has evolved since the start of the Sponge City initiative. In this paper, interpretation and development of the national Sponge City guidelines are assessed for the Ningbo Municipality, an affluent and rapidly expanding city on China's low-lying east coast. While climate, geology and socio-economic factors can all be seen to influence the way that national guidelines are implemented, project financing, integration and assessment are found to be of increasing influence. This article is part of the theme issue 'Urban flood resilience'.
“海绵城市”是中国政府用于城市地表水管理的术语。这一概念是在 2014 年提出的，旨在应对中国城市内涝或水浸问题的日益严重。该倡议雄心勃勃，目标远大（旨在降低国家洪灾风险、增加供水量和改善水质），但必须由各个副省级或市级政府实体来实施。因此，虽然该概念与英国的可持续排水系统（SuDS）（或美国的低影响开发（LID））相似，但它是在具有不同区域特征的情况下发展的，并且在持续的快速城市化进程中。事实上，越来越多地使用国家而不是国际最佳实践的例子，反映了自海绵城市倡议开始以来不断发展的知识体系。本文针对中国东部沿海低洼地区富裕且快速扩张的宁波市，评估了国家海绵城市指南的解释和发展。虽然气候、地质和社会经济因素都会影响国家指南的实施方式，但项目融资、整合和评估的影响越来越大。本文是“城市洪水韧性”主题的一部分。
