Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Center of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Alto Universitário, s/n 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil.
Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Center of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Alto Universitário, s/n 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 15;651(Pt 1):1639-1651. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.242. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
Weather phenomena El Niño and La Niña are observed by meteorological variables, which allows you to track climate change and its possible effects in certain regions. The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of rainfall, temperature and evapotranspiration in the Amazon river basin (Latitudes 5° N to 20° S and Longitudes 50° W to 80° W), comparing them with the occurrence of El Niño and La Niña phenomena, from January 2000 to December 2016. The values referring to the meteorological variables were obtained from the TRMM and MODIS orbital sensors. After data pre-processing, the data were separated into monthly and annual scales and per period according to the presence or absence of El Niño and La Niña phenomena. Based on the results obtained, it was observed that the studied variables were affected by modification of both phenomena. The modifications are more noticeable in the distinction between the more and less rainy periods. Among the variables studied, the evapotranspiration was severely affected in the rainiest months, the La Niña phenomenon, and the least rainy months, El Niño. Thus, it was possible to conclude that, in general, the presence of La Niña increased precipitation values in comparison to the Neutral period, but the inverse occurs in the presence of El Niño. The methodology applied in the present study was adequate for the analysis of the modifications of the meteorological variables coming from the El Niño and La Niña phenomena, being able to be adapted to other variables and regions.
气象现象厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象是通过气象变量来观测的，这使得我们能够跟踪气候变化及其在某些地区的可能影响。本研究的目的是分析亚马逊河流域（北纬 5°至南纬 20°，西经 50°至 80°）的降雨、温度和蒸散量的变化行为，并将其与厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象的发生进行比较，时间范围为 2000 年 1 月至 2016 年 12 月。气象变量的值是从 TRMM 和 MODIS 轨道传感器获得的。在数据预处理之后，数据按照是否存在厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象被分为月度和年度尺度以及各时期尺度。根据获得的结果，观察到所研究的变量受到这两种现象的变化的影响。这些变化在干湿期的区分中更为明显。在所研究的变量中，在降雨最多的月份（拉尼娜现象）和降雨最少的月份（厄尔尼诺现象），蒸散量受到严重影响。因此，可以得出结论，一般来说，拉尼娜现象的存在会使降水值比中性期增加，但在厄尔尼诺现象的存在时则相反。本研究中应用的方法对于分析厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象引起的气象变量的变化是合适的，并且可以适应其他变量和地区。
