Bertram C A, Müller K, Klopfleisch R
Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertagstrase 15, Berlin, Germany.
Small Animal Clinic, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin, Germany.
J Comp Pathol. 2018 Oct;164:17-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.08.003. Epub 2018 Sep 7.
Genital tract disorders, especially uterine disorders, are the most common conditions of the female pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus); however, there have been few large studies of diseases of the female genital tract of this species. The present study examined diseases of the ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina, retrospectively over a period of 22 years, and included 854 full post-mortem examinations of female pet rabbits and 152 female genital tract biopsy samples. The age distribution of uterine neoplasia, endometrial hyperplasia and uterine inflammation was determined in the post-mortem cases. Uterine disorders were a common finding, occurring in 26.8% of all full necropsy examinations and in almost all genital tract biopsy samples. Uterine tumours (n = 205) were the most common uterine pathology, with adenocarcinoma being the most frequent tumour type. Metastasis was found in 46.2% of rabbits with uterine adenocarcinomas diagnosed at post-mortem examination, with metastatic spread to the lung occurring in 79.1% of these animals. The second most common uterine pathology was endometrial hyperplasia, which was glandular-cystic in most cases. The incidence of uterine tumours and endometrial hyperplasia increased with age, while endometrial hyperplasia was found more commonly in slightly younger animals. In contrast, uterine inflammation, the third most common finding, was found predominately in young to middle-aged rabbits. Ovarian disorders were found rarely at post-mortem examinations (3.3% of all animals), but comprised 16.9% of biopsy samples. Of these, ovarian cysts, especially follicular cysts, and secondary tumours were found most frequently. Disorders of the Fallopian tube and the vagina were found in <1% of cases and should be considered rare.
生殖道疾病，尤其是子宫疾病，是雌性宠物兔（穴兔）最常见的病症；然而，针对该物种雌性生殖道疾病的大型研究却很少。本研究回顾性地检查了22年间卵巢、输卵管、子宫和阴道的疾病，纳入了854例雌性宠物兔的完整尸检以及152例雌性生殖道活检样本。在尸检病例中确定了子宫肿瘤、子宫内膜增生和子宫炎症的年龄分布。子宫疾病是常见发现，在所有完整尸检中占26.8%，几乎在所有生殖道活检样本中都有出现。子宫肿瘤（n = 205）是最常见的子宫病理情况，腺癌是最常见的肿瘤类型。在尸检诊断为子宫腺癌的兔子中，46.2%发现有转移，其中79.1%的动物转移至肺部。第二常见的子宫病理情况是子宫内膜增生，大多数情况下为腺囊性增生。子宫肿瘤和子宫内膜增生的发生率随年龄增加，而子宫内膜增生在稍年轻的动物中更常见。相比之下，第三常见的子宫炎症主要见于年轻至中年的兔子。尸检中很少发现卵巢疾病（占所有动物的3.3%），但在活检样本中占16.9%。其中，卵巢囊肿，尤其是卵泡囊肿和继发性肿瘤最为常见。输卵管和阴道疾病在不到1%的病例中被发现，应被视为罕见情况。
