Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Am J Prev Med. 2018 Dec;55(6):770-776. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.07.028. Epub 2018 Oct 22.
Rape-related pregnancy is a public health problem where sexual violence and reproductive health intersect; yet, there is a dearth of research to inform public health practice. The authors examined the prevalence and characteristics of rape-related pregnancy in U.S. women and its association with intimate partner reproductive coercion.
Data years 2010-2012 are pooled from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, a telephone survey of U.S. adults. Accounting for complex survey design, in 2017, authors estimated the prevalence of vaginal rape-related pregnancy for U.S. women overall and by race/ethnicity. The authors also examined the proportion of rape-related pregnancy among victims of vaginal rape overall, by perpetrator type and by presence of reproductive coercion in the context of intimate partner rape.
Almost 2.9 million U.S. women (2.4%) experienced rape-related pregnancy during their lifetime. Among rape victims, 77.3% reported a current/former intimate partner perpetrator, and 26.2% of intimate partner rape victims reported rape-related pregnancy compared with those raped by an acquaintance (5.2%) or stranger (6.9%). Women raped by an intimate partner and reporting rape-related pregnancy were significantly more likely to have experienced reproductive coercion compared with women who were raped by an intimate partner but did not become pregnant.
This paper reports the first national prevalence of rape-related pregnancy by any perpetrator in two decades. The high proportion of rape-related pregnancy committed by intimate partner perpetrators and its association with reproductive coercion suggest the need for primary prevention of intimate partner violence and access to trauma-informed reproductive health services for rape/intimate partner violence victims.
强奸相关妊娠是一个公共卫生问题，涉及性暴力和生殖健康的交叉领域；然而，目前几乎没有研究为公共卫生实践提供信息。作者研究了美国女性强奸相关妊娠的流行率和特征及其与亲密伴侣生殖胁迫的关系。
从 2010 年至 2012 年的数据汇总了全国亲密伴侣和性暴力调查，这是一项针对美国成年人的电话调查。为了考虑到复杂的调查设计，作者于 2017 年估计了美国女性总体和按种族/族裔划分的阴道强奸相关妊娠的流行率。作者还检查了所有阴道强奸受害者中强奸相关妊娠的比例，按施害者类型和亲密伴侣强奸背景下生殖胁迫的存在情况进行了检查。
将近 290 万美国女性（2.4%）在其一生中经历过强奸相关妊娠。在强奸受害者中，77.3%报告了当前/前任亲密伴侣施害者，26.2%的亲密伴侣强奸受害者报告了强奸相关妊娠，而被熟人（5.2%）或陌生人（6.9%）强奸的受害者则较少。与没有怀孕的被亲密伴侣强奸且报告怀孕相关妊娠的女性相比，报告怀孕相关妊娠的被亲密伴侣强奸且报告怀孕相关妊娠的女性更有可能经历生殖胁迫。
本文报告了过去二十年来首次按任何施害者报告的强奸相关妊娠的全国流行率。亲密伴侣施害者实施的高比例强奸相关妊娠及其与生殖胁迫的关系表明，需要对亲密伴侣暴力进行初级预防，并为强奸/亲密伴侣暴力受害者提供创伤知情的生殖健康服务。
