Andexanet Alfa for Reversing Factor Xa Inhibition.

The direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have gained popularity recently among both patients and providers for their comparable or better efficacy and safety profiles compared with warfarin and the lack of need for routine monitoring of anticoagulant effect. One obstacle for the more widespread use of the DOACs in clinical practice has been the lack of a reversal agent. Most DOACs act by directly binding to and inhibiting the effects of factor Xa. Andexanet alfa (Andexxa, Portola Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, CA) is a modified form of factor Xa that acts as a decoy binding entity for DOACs, thereby allowing endogenous factor Xa to perform its normal clotting functions. Andexanet has proven efficacious in clinical trials for reversing the anticoagulant effects of apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban, although its impact on clinical outcomes has not been adequately studied. Andexanet has a boxed warning for thromboembolic risks, ischemic risks, cardiac arrest, and sudden death, with these adverse events occurring in up to 18% of patients in clinical trials. However, the occurrence of these adverse events needs to be considered in relation to the fragile nature of patients who receive this agent. Because the duration of the DOACs is much less than that of warfarin, it is unclear how many patients would actually need andexanet in clinical practice, because cessation of the DOAC may be all that is needed to effectively manage bleeding. Nonetheless, having andexanet available in cases of DOAC-associated severe or life-threatening bleeding represents a therapeutic advance and should provide an added level of comfort with the clinical use of DOACs.